Price Hike

India is facing many heartrending difficultys nowadays, but the problem of price-rise is the most serious one. It is actually common these days. The prices of essential commodities are spillage higher day by day. India is passing through a genuinely hard time nowadays. The problem of prise-rise has become very serious. The goernment is unavailing to control the prices of necessary goods. The rise in prices is natural in a developing county like India. But when it goes out of control, it causes great difficulties for the masses. If the problem is non tackled in a proper way, it may take a serious turn. There are many causes responsible for rise in prices.such(prenominal) rise in prices might be due to natural calamities like floods, earthquakes and famine and also wars. The three wars between India and Pakistan and one between Indian and China since. 1962 have largely affected Indian economy. The other reasons of the exalted prices may be bribery, corruption, black-marketing, hoarding, smuggling, profiteering and many other anti-national and anti-social tendencies. The pressure of race result is also one of its causes. The most important factor which is responsible for price-rise is the prospect of the people to become millionaire in a night.High prices have very bad effect on the people. These rising prices increase the cost of living. It is no-count that a small group of businessmen earn a sens of money by un uninfected room of hoarding essential goods. owe to this tendency a vast majority of people have to misplace untold hardships. If the present position continues, the middle-class people will not be able to maintain their position in society. The government is certain of this problem. A number of measures have been taken by the government. It is also laborious to increase the production of essential goods.The distribution of these goods has also been made fair and effective. The burden of taxes on the middle-class has been lessened. But r ising prices can be checked only when the people co-operate with the government. The hoarders and the black-marketeers should be severely punished. Growth of population should be checked. Public sector should be encouraged. The government should take over the trade of essential goods. The government should find out ways and means to increase the production. There should be balance in supply and demand. scarce the combined efforts of the government and the people can solve the problem

Assessment of Health Perception Essay

In the Assessment of Health Perception, spiritualism and Prevalence of cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Within a cloak-and-dagger College Cohort, Sandra Ramey delved deep into the heart of cardiovascular unhealthiness perception, status, and risk factors among college assimilators. It discussed in s overtake the causes of cardiovascular disease in a college environment. Ramey also discussed in this obligate the possible solutions to the health problems.Throughout the article, Ramey apply existing evidences, such as statistics and examples, in analyzing the situations faced by college students. It is written in a bearing that is easy to understand for college students to be aware of the growing problem involving them and the academia and some possible solutions to their problem. Furthermore, the article weed also be a springboard for further research on college student health not only on CVD but other health risks as well. Cardiovascular Disease Risk FactorsThe increased prevalence of several cardiovascular disease risk factors, specifically overweight and obesity, hypercholesterolemia and stress, among college students has gotten the attention of health practitioners crossways the country. These risk factors are attributed to many root factors that begin during childhood. The article discussed how these conditions incense during college. It tries to identify how stress and stirred up health affect a students health condition, specifically eating patterns and behavior.Ramey suggested that knowing these factors better can help diminish the development of chronic disease. Emotional Well-being and spirituality Among the detriments to emotional well-being and impediments to academic success identified by college students, as shown in the NAPNAPs Keep your children/yourself Safe and Secure (KySS) campaign, are the side by side(p) 1. stress 2. sleep difficulties 3. concern for family and friends and, 4. relationship difficulties. The KySS survey als o showed that the top worry for both teens and parents was how to cope with stressful things in their life (Ramey, 2005). intimate this, Ramey continued to discuss current efforts to curb the growing risk. One of the consequential findings that were discussed was the effects of spirituality in perceiving emotional well-being (Ramey 2005). A hit the books on 2003 by the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California was cited to have examined the spiritual life of college students and was showing positive results, including declining levels of emotional health problems in students. This means that spirituality can be used to help prevent further complications such as CVD.Conclusion Ramey provided a content-rich article that was well-researched and provided with statistical data and research findings. It is a good pick out for college students to be aware of CVD and the risk factors causing it. The article is also a good source of information for health practit ioners for further research well-nigh the growing health risk among college students.ReferencesRamey, S. L. (2005). Assessment of health perception, spirituality and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors within a private college cohort. pediatric Nursing, May-June 2005

A Website Review on the American Cultural History 1960-1969 Webpage Essay

Kingwood College Librarys Ameri can cultural History 1960-1969 webpage (http//kc subr let outine library. nhmccd. edu/decade60. html) is a webpage dedicated to the dessemination of nuance regarding the 1960s. It dubs itself a web and library guide, and is hosted and managed by the Kingwood College Library, an educational organization in Kingwood, Texas. Its give tongue to purpose is to help the user gain a broad intellect and appreciation for the culture and history of the 1960s (Goodwin, para. 2). The site itself is antecedented by Susan Goodwin. Unfortunately, no entropy in the site listed Ms.Goodwins credentials, and checking the Kingwood College Library for some(prenominal) information regarding the author proved futile as well. The webpage is primarily aimed for the oecumenic public, with information that is collected and compiled from different bloods which are mostly official or scholarly in nature (some information, however, are linked from Wikipedia, a source gener ally not accepted by the academia). As such, the information can be considered valid and true, and is presented clearly and matter-of-factly, without some(prenominal) embellishments or personal views and opinions, and without any technical jargon that may confuse the lay reader.At the pull up stakes of the page, the reader is immediately treated to a fact sheet of the decade, with securely facts about the population, the national debt, and the average salary, among others. Information is also placed in major categories, providing a coherent and easy to follow structure to the upstanding article. Since content is generally collected from the various sites off the internet and books, information and content ranges from the common to the not-so-common, but all are generally enkindle and well-presented.Most of the major points are presented as links which redirect to another(prenominal) website discussing that particular subject matter. This is where most of the webpages problems l ie, as a world-shattering number of links (25, to be exact) are either broken or non-existing, redirecting the reader to the main site instead. One of the links even redirects to the damage article. For an information-driven webpage run by an educational organization, such mistakes reflect poorly on the structure and management of the webpage itself.Another thing some people (especially researchers absentminded complete information) might have an issue with is how the webpage cites its sources. After each category, the author lists the books which have more information on the subjects presented in that category. However, the author did not list the specifics of the book, ie. , date of publication, author, actual page information, etc. For a researcher who needs these information, this is a great omission on a website that considers itself a bibliographic essay. Also, the website design can be improved as it is, it is presented in a simple and drab manner.Inspite of the faults st ated above, the webpage gives enough historical information and data for any general aspect of popular culture in the stated era. And with how it is presented, via links and redirects, the reader can just consociate on other links on the given website for more information about that particular subject matter. The webpages goal is to give out as much information as it can, in a telegraphic and direct manner. In this regard, it has succeeded rather well.ReferencesGoodwin, S. (2006). American Cultural History 1960-1969. Retrieved declination 20, 2007, from http//kclibrary. nhmccd. edu/decade60. html

Sociology – Nature Versus Nurture

The roles of spirit (what we genetic onlyy inherit) and or cling to (what we learn) in making us what we argon reach long been argued. The inclination that kind-hearteds are indomitable by these both influences dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Protagorus who in the fifth ascorbic acid BC compared physics (nature) and nomos (tradition). It is up to now difficult to unravel the separate influences of nature and upbringing. If the peasantren of musically talented parents are themselves musically talent, is it because of genetic inheritance (nature) or because of a musical environ manpowert at home where they grow up(nurture)?The nature versus nurture debate concentrates on the question of how far our demeanour is set by nature at birth or by nurture aft(prenominal) birth. In seventeenth century philosopher John Locke claimed that the mind of a child was alike a Tabula Rasa (blank slate). People became what they were taught to be. By the second half of 19th ce ntury many genial scientists started to argue that gentleity fashion is determined by nature. Charles Darwins theory came up with the idea that humans and early(a) animals have descended ultimately from the same ancestors.Read likewiseSociology and Social Integration.Animals are governed by intellects (fixed traits that are inherited and shared by all members of a species). These inherited mechanisms enable members of the species to perform complex tasks. For fount twice a year the New Zealand cuckoo travel 4000 miles between New Zealand and Islands reach the coast of New Guinea. The adults leave New Zealand before their eggs are hatched. The young cuckoos later on travel 4000 miles and join their par4ents-without ever having make the journey and with no one to guide them. Experiments have indicated that separate birds withal seem to have some in natural sense that guides their migration.Because animals are governed by instincts and human are also animals, some scholars r easoned that human air must also be governed by instincts. As a resolution many social scientists searched for the supposed instants that would apologise all kinds of human behavior when they saw a mother run awaying her baby they attri merelyed it to the maternal instinct, when they were asked to explain war, they explained it was the aggressive instinct. They eventually nonice more that 14000 instincts, ranging from laughing instinct to a religious instinct. But these ideas of instinct have many short comings. first of all the concept of instinct was tautological. (i. e. the explanation was true by definition. The instinct that was discovered was barely a nonher name for what was to be explained. For ideal the aggressive instinct was just another way of saying that they engage in warfare, in the same way that high temperature is another way of saying calefacient weather. Secondary the same instinct was used to explain contradictory actions for example the acquisitive inst inct was used to explain both hard guileless work and bank robbery. Thirdly, instincts are supposed to be in all human save human behavior around the world varies greatly.For example Arapesh of New Guinea or the Tasaday of Philippines do not have aggressive, nature in their behavior, if human have self preservative instinct hence they would not have committed suicides. In 1969, An American psychologist Jensen claimed that only to share of the variation between peoples intelligence is due to their social environment musical composition 80 percent is fixed from birth by genetic inheritance. some other American psychologist, Professor Thomas Bouchard of Minnesota University carried out an examine on Jim jibe which also help to argue that human behavior is determined more bye nature than by nurture.For example, James Lewis and James springing cow were identical twins who were separated in the first year of action and brought up separately. He discovered an amazing number of co incidences about Jim Twins some(prenominal) had married women called Linda. Both had been divorced and had then married women called Betty. peerless of them had named his son James all(prenominal)an and the other as James Alan. Both had had a dog called Toy Both had spent these holidays on the same bound in Florida. Both drove a blue Chevrolet. Both built white benches round the trunk of a tree in their gardens. Both had a habit of biting their fingernails. Both were chain smokers of same marker of cigarettes Their temperaments, voice patterns and nervous habits were also similar. Thus the cheek of Jim Twins competency lead us towards the idea that nature determines our human behavior. Sociobiology (the systematic debate of the biological basis of all social behavior) was developed by E. O. Wilson in 1980 s. According to sociobiologys human behavior is determined naturally just like animal behavior. According to sociobiologist Steven Gavlin and Alice Schlegel (1980 ) individuals act in order to maximize their genes in future generations.Thus the tendency of man to have knowledgeable relationship with beautiful women is to maximize his genes. also behavior of both men and women is thus guided by genetic factors. These above mentioned evidences shows that human behavior is determined by nature or genetic influences. Our race (color of the throw together and other bodily features (sex, certain diseases, flood groups, are no incertitude inherited. pitying beings are directly influenced by nature. For example, hunger, thirst, somatic fatigue, gradual just in exorable degeneration human body all constrain our human life, shaping what we can do and can be.For example vigorous physical exercise is beyond the capacities of virtually all 70 year olds. Similarly we are tranquilize subject to and contained by ecological or climatic conditions. Human communities, no matter how advanced or developed are powerless in the face of elemental forces of e arthquakes hurricanes or snowfall. On the other hand, as the twentieth century began, the concept of instinct lost its strength. The idea that human behavior is determined by nurture or tuition began to gain favor. For example Russian Psychologist Ivan Pavlov had shown that human beings like dogs can be trained or conditioned.American psychologist John Watson extended Pavlovs experiment on dogs to human infants. For example Watson could make a little son called Albert afraid of a white rat that had previously delighted him. He concluded that all emotions, and behaviors are larn through such associations and social environment make us who we are. He further added that learning by itself determines human personality. Although social scientists accepted the influence of biological factors they considered nurture to be more influence than heredity. Even the habits that seem very basic and subjective to human nature also appear to depend on nurture i. . socialization. Evidence of the far reaching significance of socialization comes both from case studies of children who are deprived from socialization and those rose in the mild. Since the fourteenth century there have been mor4e than 50 recorded cases of feral children (children supposedly raise by animals) one of the most famous is mild boy of Aveyron-Victor.In 1979 he was captured in the woods by hunter in southern France. He was about 11, completely naked, ran on all fours, could not speak, speechless, preferent uncooked food, could not do most of the simple affaires done by young children. Jean Itard a physician ried to train the boy. After 3 months he seemed little more human. He more clothes larn to sit at a table, and eat wit6h utensils. He started to show human emotions such as joy, gratitude and remorse. He lived for about 40 years but he never learned to speak nor ever become a normal person. Similarly in one orphanage Spit appoint that infants who were about 18 months old were left lying on thei r backs in small cubical most of the day without any human contact. deep down a year all had become physically mentally, emotionally and socially retarded. Two years later more than a third of the children had died.Those who survived could not speak, they could not walk, they could not dress up and they could not use spoon. This shows that children who true little attention/socialization suffered very noticeable effects. Various cases of unsocialized children also indicate that human behavior is something that has to be learned. Humans do not simply become able to do all things instinctually. For example Anna, from Pennsylvania, ground forces was an illegitimate child. Anna was kept hidden from the public in the attic. She was just feed enough to keep her alive, she was neither touched nor bathed, and she simply lay still in her own filth.She was discovered in 1938 at the age of six. She looked like a skeleton. She was couldnt talk nor walk. She did nothing but lay gently in the ground her eyes vacant and expressionless. She was attempted to socialize. Eventually she could walk, feed herself. Brush her teeth and follow simple directions. But she never learned to speak and was far from normal. Isabella was also an illegitimate child. She was founding Ohio, USA in 1938 at the age 6. Her grandfather had kept her and her deaf-mute mother hole-and-corner(a) in a dark room. She could however interact with mother.When discovered however she showed great fear and hostility towards people and made a rum croaking sound, when examined she was found to be feebleminded and uneducable, she was put on a systematic skillful training, after a slow start she began to talk. In nine months she could read and write within two years she was attending school, she had become a very bright cheerful and energetic girl. All these examples clearly show that human behavior is not some thing which is fixed at birth and which unfolds step by step naturally.Human behavior has to be lea rned therefore social environment rattling determines human behavior. Sociologists use the following evidence to support the claim that human behavior is socially determined. maw Yufe and Oscar Stohr are identical twins born in 1932. They were separated as babies after their parents divorced. Oscar was reared in Czechoslovakia by his mothers and Jack was reared in Trinidad by his father, social scientists at the University of Minnesota Observed them but this time they found many differences between the two twins-

Penn Square Bank & Down Corning Bankruptcy Essay

According to norm Bowie, sometimes being moral enhances the bottom line rather than foreshortens it (Hartman, 2005, p108). Unfortunately, in the instances of Penn unbowed swear and the Dow Corning banking fellowshipruptcy, that may not generate been the case. The following testament examine the particulars of these situations and discuss the estimable issues present for each.Penn solid BankPenn comforting Bank was a small bank that played a outsize role in the Oklahoma banking crisis of the untimely 1980s. In an lather to maximise on the profits of the booming oil industry, the upper direction of Penn Square Bank cut corners in several areas of its new impart division. sustenance to support million-dollar loans became lax. Collateral valuation and tax revenue recognition was severely everyplace estimated without verification of the documentation to support such claims. Loan contracts were with casual deals and encompassing terms. Credit was extended based upon un verified personal letters paying for by the client. These documentation errors led to loans not properly secured (Caskey, 1985).In addition, Penn Square was more and more money, which facilitated errors in revenue recognition as the bank accepted over estimated valuation claims without requiring loan or interest payments. Thus, on paper the bank looked successful without ever possessing the funds to support its lending endeavors. Finally, recognize was extended without true verification of asset valuation or proper documentation, and re-extended when the client could not produce the payments necessary to support the luxurious loans (Caskey, 1985). Each of Penn Square Banks actions represents a form of financial statement pretense, which led to its downfall in 1982. According to Fraud Examination, in that location are three ways to deter financial statement baloney (1) reduce the pressure to commit the fraud, (2) reduce the opportunity to commit the fraud, and (3) reduce the r ationalization of the fraud (Wells, 2005). However, in this instance, most if not all of the fraud committed can be attributed to demanding goals set by Penn State Bank owner, Bill Jennings.As explained by Hartman, the driving force of profit maximation created a business environment to facilitate fraud (2005). Because profit was the fix motivator, documentation was inadequate, collateral valuation and revenue recognition was overstated, and credit extension phone was unverified and inferior. Instead,Penn Square Bank should ask considered the following measuresAn oversight or review board should be been established to oversee verification of credit or collateral valuation and determine the risk associated with each loan. musical accompaniment requirements should have been heavily enforced and maintained by the review board. necessitate and loan deals should have been regulated to the office with strict documentation requirements.Disclosures should have been made forecasting the lack of loan and interest payments.Asset valuation and revenue recognition should have been accurately portrayed to investors, clients, and potential buyers.Upper management should have established company ethical standards and enforced these standards with strict consequences for irreverence without exception. Unfortunately, all the measures to deter fraud that should have been considered were undermined by the owners overwhelming demand for success. Thus, Jennings need to maximize profits and increase sales created the pressure, opportunity, and rationalization to commit each action of fraud.Dow Corning BankruptcyDow Corning Corporation is the uncollectible name in silicone and silicone-based material performance. But in 1995, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to protect itself from lawsuits regarding their silicone-based front implants. Some advocated that the action was an effort to avoid compensating women for their injuries (Book review, 1996, p7). However, acc ording to Hartman, Chapter 11 bankruptcy is intended to protect companies from creditors man it undergoes restructuring in an effort to stave off liquidation. By doing so, the company continues business, pays taxes, and take into account jobs but is allowed time to reorganize to triumph over its economic grimness (Hartman, 2005).The ethical challenge is to use Chapter 11 as it is intended as a restructuring tool to avoid losing everything rather than file for Chapter 11 as a way of cheating its creditors out of owed money. Hartman suggests that what is ethical in regard to bankruptcy is to go beyond what the laws require and uphold the debt agreements made with creditors (Hartman, 2005). Dow Corning seemed to have that same perspective. Nine historic period later the company emerged from bankruptcy later on settling the lawsuits for a payout of $3.3 billion over the next 15 years (Arndt, 2004).During the time under Chapter 11, the company reorganizeditself to refocus silicone production to develop fabrics, materials, and pharmaceutical products (Arndt, 2004). These sales and expanding markets will help Dow Corning to pay its debts to the 300,000 women named in the settlement (Sissell, 2004). Thus, Dow Corning is Chapter 11 bankruptcy free but still upholding its ethical obligation to the wronged party and its creditors.Although Dow Cornings actions following the Chapter 11 emergence was ethically sound, its actions leading to the filing was anything but. Problems with Dow Cornings silicone breast implants began as early as 1984 when they lost a lawsuit claiming the implant caused medical complaint such as autoimmune disease.During the investigation for this lawsuit, lawyers found evidence viewing Dow Corning executives were aware of complaints from doctors, concerns about the lack of long-term testing, and cases of the implant bursting during surgery. In addition, the essay that supposedly proved the effectiveness and safety of the product revealed detrimental long-term effects on the animals under experimentation (Book review, 1996).However, throughout all the breast implant concerns, Down Corning continued to advocate the safety of their product firing as far as to hire high profile and exceedingly expensive teams of legal and public relations specialists. In addition, allegations were present of executives attempting to annul damning internal documents suggesting upper management was trying to cover up its liability in the claims. The 1984 lawsuit found Dow Corning guilty of fraud and deceit stating the company provided inferior and incomplete information by understating the risks to make an certain decision (Book review, 1996). More important, it revealed the unethical behavior of the executives and company as a whole.

Module Ten: Text Questions Essay

Review Questions1. What is a questi one and only(a)d text file? Describe at least one example of something that energy be a questioned archive. A questioned document is a document in which the script or type used in its composition causes suspicion. 2. What is an prototype? What atomic number 18 the best types of exemplars? Exemplars ar authorized examples of how a text should odour as a reference. The best types of exemplars are the ones of similar content and/or in the same format. 3. What are natural variations? Describe how these may fall. subjective variations are subtle changes in handwriting that occur normally. This usually happen with time.4. How are stamped signatures different from written signatures? Stamped signatures are literal stamps that leave a print of a signature instead of a hand signing. 5. What are some of the typescript machines that document testers may have to investigate? Choose one of these machines and describe what document screenrs may look f or when comparing the machine to a questioned document. Some of the typescript machines that document examiners have to investigate are typewriters, photocopiers, and fax machines. With photocopiers, for example, investigators may about look for discrepancies between copies, as there are shrimpy f law of natures common in every copy.Critical Thinking Questions1. Why are questioned documents important in forensic science? What is one example of a situation where a questioned document might be an important authority of a criminal case? Questioned documents are important in forensic science because the verification of a document could sway a lead one way or another. For example, a forged suicide let down could suggest foul play. 2. What are some of the ways that a document examiner might try to match a questioned document to a detail typewriter? What aspects might they look at? A document examiner might try to match a questioned document to a specific typewriter by noting possibl e variations over time that could account for any discrepancies. 3. gauge that you have been asked to determine whether a signature on a point is bona fide or a counterfeit. What steps would you take in doing this? What aspects would you examine? If I were to determine whether a signature is genuine of a forgery I would closely examine the strokes and curves of the handwriting.4. Imagine thatyou have been asked to determine whether a will written fifty years ago is authentic or a modern-day forgery. How would you go about doing this? What aspects would you examine to help you come across your determination? To determine whether the will was a forgery or an authentic document I would collect exemplars to compare with the original document. I would closely compare the two and look for suspicious similarities or differences.5. A law enforcement agent is in charge of getting a writing savor from an uncooperative amusing. The agent puts the suspect in a comfortable style and has the person choose from a bunch of pencils and ink pens. The agent takes the questioned document and dictates the information to the suspect, having the suspect write down what she says as she reads from the questioned document. After some(prenominal) paragraphs, the agent stops and has the suspect rewrite the material two to a greater extent times. What did the agent do wrong in this situation? What did the agent do right? The agent should not have given the suspect the surplus range of writing materials but was correct in the material that they had the suspect write down.

Camels – Adaptations to Extreme Environments

The Camel How it has Adapted Organisms exist in many surrounds, more or less are arid, some flooded, some are basic, some acidic, some are hot, and some are cool. Regardless of the conditions, animals invite accommodate themselves to live on in their surroundings. One of the main ecosystems that is classed as an utmost(prenominal) environment is the desert ecosystem. A classic example of a desert is the Sahara. hungriness is a characteristic shared amongst all deserts. As reported by Smith (2013), the reason most deserts are arid is because of rough levels of evapotranspiration and precipitation.Aswel as adapting to very dry conditions, organisms in a desert ecosystem have also adapted to hot temperatures. The temperatures range from as high as 40oC during the day to as low as below freezing during the wickedness cod to lack of cloud cover. Evolution As wrote by want & bowelless (1986) in the late Eocene period and to the end of Miocene, camels evolved and diversified whol e in North the States. During this time they were similar in size to rabbits, and their feet contained quartet toes. In Oligocene times, camels were similar in size to goats, with the lost of the lateral toes, with the rest digits showing signs of evolution.During the Miocene time, camels adapted a new of walking, it is know as pace gait. This is where the camel moved both left or both right legs in one movement, instead of opposite legs. During this time camels feet produced pad like structures, which helped them from sink in soft terrain i. e sand. Then they arrived in South America during the Plio-Pleistocene times. This is where they diversified into 2 more genus under Camelinae family of the more known species, llama and alpaca, and 2 less known, guanaco and vicuna.As this happened, they crossed into the Old World, where they then spread crosswise Europe, Asia and Africa, this is where they branched out into the single experienceed genus Camelus Dromedarius, and double re cogniseed Camelus Bactrianus. Characteristics of Camelus Dromedarius An animal that has adapted well to this environment is the Camelus Dromedarius. Wilson (1984) as cited by Kohler-Rollefson (1991) describes the features of the camels body. Dromedary camels have a shoulder height of at least 1. 8m, with the hump extending a further 20cm. They lowlife weights upwards of 400kg.Dromedary camels have a long upward curved neck, with a single hump on its back. This is all supported by their long, strong legs and wide webbed feet. physical structure Temperature / Water Conservation In the desert temperatures fluctuate. On average, a dried camels body temperature fluctuates by up to 8oC in a single day, it can increase from an average of 34-36 to 42oC. There is less of a sport if the camel is hydrated (2oC). If camels did non tolerate this fluctuation in temperature and instead tried to reenforcement the body cool, up to 5 litres of water system could be lost due to sweating.This allo ws the camel to conserve water and energy. The camel then takes advantage of the cool evenings to dissipate heat, with no energy cost. Camels, like all former(a) mammals do sweat to continue an acceptable temperature, however, it is non continuous. (Mares, 1999). Composition of Camels Hump Mares (1999), reports that a common misconception associated with camels is that their hump is composed of water, this has been disproven, and instead replaced with the fact this it is generative. Another common misconception associated with a camels hump is that water is produced by the oxidation of rich.This is has been proven to be false, or at least, partially untrue as the oxidation of fat requires an change magnitude group O intake, this results in an increased rate of breathing, which increases the amount of water lost as vapour from the lungs. This nullifies the effect of the metabolized fat, yielding no net gain in water. As previously discussed, camels have adapted to keep their bo dies cool, without sacrificing water. Another modification that is seen with camels is that their main fat store is their hump. A camel does not store fat on other parts of their body.This is because the fat would act as insularism and reduce the amount of heat lost at night, at a time when the temperature is cooler, and most heat dissipation occurs. Excretion in Camels Richards (1973) as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) explores the fact that camels are able to produce urine that contains double as much salt as sea water. It was noted by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) that the Kidney is composed of Henle loops of varying lengths. Camels are seen to contain a lot of lasting loops than any other species, so there is a bigger authority for water to be reabsorbed, and the urine becoming concentrated.This coincides with the camels ability to facilitate water and plants with a salt content higher than normal. Schmidt-Nielsen (1964) as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) compared the mountain of uri ne excreted by the camel while hydrated and while dehydrated. The camel while hydrated, excreted up to 4 litres of urine in a single day, compared to the when it was dehydrated, where it excreted up to one-half a litre of urine. It was also noted that the camel produced faeces, almost completely wanting of water.It was composed of a large number of pellets approximately 3cm in length. As they lacked water, they were light to lift, with a shiny appearance. Conclusion Camels like animals in other extreme environments have adapted well to suit their environment of temperature fluctuations and a lack of water. Camels have evolved in such a way that move has been made easier, they do not sink into the sand, so they do not expend more energy than is needed. The camels adaptation to a large fluctuation in body temperature allows water to be conserved as it is not lost as sweat.The camels hump proves as an invaluable energy inauguration when food sources are scarce, as is common in deser t ecosystems, the fat is metabolized and used as energy. Its all these adaptations that allows the camel to live in such an extreme environment. The absence of one or more of these adaptations would lead to the inability of camels to survive in this environment. In this day and age global warming is increase the average temperature of the earths atmosphere, if there was a significant increase, could these organism handle an increased temperature luctuation? References Jeremy M. B. Smith desert 2013. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Retrieved 01 March, 2013, from http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/158992/desert Kohler-Rollefson, Ilse U, (1991). Camelus Dromedarius. Mammalian Species. 375 (1-8), pp. 1-4 Mares, Michael A. , (1999). cyclopaedia of Deserts. 1st ed. Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Press. Richards, S. A. , 1973. Adaptation to heat. In Temperature regulation. London, Wykeham Publications, pp. 191-197 as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. , (1981).The Camel (Camelus Dromed arius) A Bibliographical Review. 1st ed. Ethiopia International Livestock Centre of Africa Savage R. J. G & Long, M. R. , (1986). Mammal Evolution. 1st ed. United Kingdom Facts on send & The British Museum. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1964. The Camel. In Desert Animals physiological problems of heat and water. Oxford, Clarendon press, 277 pp as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. , (1981). The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) A Bibliographical Review. 1st ed. Ethiopia International Livestock Centre of Africa

Health&Safety in Childcare

While the free assays can give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used as is because they will not meet your assignments requirements. If you be in a time crunch, then you need a custom written term paper on your subject ( pip-squeakcare) Here you can film an independent writer/researcher to custom write you an authentic essay to your specifications that will pass whatever plagiarism test (e. g. Turnitin). Waste no more time Tantrums, mealtimes, whingeing, disobedience, bullying, stress, loss of patience, sibling rivalry and fussy eating all contribute to at headquarters parents requiring time out.As for workings parents, every daytime they strain themselves to financially support their families whilst also worry just about the effects their absence will turn out on their child or children. So whats a parent to do? Give up any hope of returning to work? Continue slaving away at home as they become increasingly impatient and angry at their child? Abandon your child to the clutches of any Tom, Dick, or Jane who hangs up a childcare shingle? Beg your aging parents to give up lawn wheel and golf in favor of spending quality time with their unique grandchild?Difficult as it can be to find quality childcare, the spot isnt quite as dismal as you big businessman think. While you might have to set your sights short of finding a real-life Mary Poppins, you dont have to settle for any of the scary characters who regularly make their rounds on our boob tube sets every night. In today s society there are many options parents can take when it comes to childcare. When considering which choice to take it is vitally Copernican to make sure their child s needs are meet. Children s physical, emotional, social and intellectual needs must be met if they are to modernize and develop towards their full potential.Whether at home or in nigh form of childcare, children require essentials such as love, security, praise and recognition, responsibility and berth to explore and learn new things. Alternative options for childcare include a baby-sitter an man-to-man who comes to your home and watches your child / children on an irregular basis. In most cases they are a local teenager with no fussy dressing. However, most schools and girls clubs now offer develop courses in baby-sitting, first caution and infant / toddler CPR. au pair (mainly in America) A distant visitor who wishes to experience another way of life.In most cases the undivided is from another country and live with the family and receive a salary. Duties include shadowy housework and childcare in which they work under the supervision of the parents and whitethorn or may not have any training. Au pairs let up to 45 hours of childcare per week, on top of room and board, they more often than not receive approximately $115 to $125 per week. Families are also prudent for paying $500 per year toward an au pairs tuition costs and $3950 to enrol in the program- a fee that covers recruitment expenses, air transportation, training, insurance, and support from a community counsellor. nanny A childcare specialist who has special training in childcare, health and safety, and nutrition.Duties are childcare and domestic tasks relating to childcare, depending on your individual family needs, you can obtain a live in nanny or not. A nanny may be full or ploughshare time and must be over the age of 18. Their fees range from $2000 to $4000 per calendar month (plus room and board, if applicable) with many also expecting you to provide them with a car earnings and/or the use of the family vehicle. ay care/family childcare Care for infants and preschool children in the caregivers home. day care focalize and day nursery Care for infants and preschool children. It may be located in the caregivers home or in another location. The center is licensed and the staff have to meet your states required minimum for training and adult / child ratio. The cost is approxi mately $30 per day for an infant, $28 per day for a toddler, and $24 per day for a preschooler.

Diets Are Not the Answer

Do you know that almost e verybody in the world is sick with fleshiness? Cries put on been heard in all over the world over the invading monster. Children, childly women and men, elderly women and men create been attacked by this strange ailment. However, it is an ailment of their testify making and in the real sense no ane should be crying egress of its consequences. Perhaps children have a right to let out a wild wail. Their blood is innocent and p bents be to blame. consume of fatty and sweet fast foods has been the main cause of fleshiness.Fast foods might be sweet in taste and good in eating further they have a long-lasting negative effect to the body. The additional calories in the fatty and sugary food manoeuvre to the addition of a match of pounds in the load of an item-by-item. Studies have been set out to find a response to obesity. Without much thought, diet has in the past been build to be that solvent long sort for. Does it help in curing obesity? T his enquiry paper tests to prove the earlier studies wrong and endure the statement that Diets are non the answer. Reason that researchers had for conducting this subjectFor the past two or much decades, obesity cases have been on the increase bringing the attention to the researchers. entirely around the world, obesity has been on the increase. In the United States for instance, obesity link up wellness problems are the main causes of the high mortality. It is the second afterwardsward issues colligate smoking. According to researches carried out in the geezerhood of 1980, more than 15% of the American world suffered from obesity. In a distributor point of two decades, the percentage of those wretched from obesity rose drastically to 34% of the total US population (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007).Because of the rapid increase of obesity, Medicare has in the recent years made alterations in its policy covering the give-and-takes of obesity. On e of the areas that the Canters for Medicare and Medicaid Services worked upon is the removal of the phrase that quoted that obesity was not an illness from the coverage manual. It was a new dawn for muckle suffering from obesity as well as Medicare. Obesity treatments could be confusen rather than the initial treatments for the specific conditions that were thought to go out to obesity such(prenominal) as hypertension and diabetes (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007).Long- terminal outcomes of the calorie- endricting diets have been of major concerns to researchers. The question that these researchers seek to answer is Is fast an effective obesity treatment? The truth of the field is that diet does more harm than good (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). According to earlier researches made, it has been found out that 1/3 or 2/3 of flock who diet gain more fish than losing it. The studies however are more likely to under(a)estimate t he counter-productivity of dieting as a result of methodological problems.All the methodologies applied in these studies are bias and fancy a productive red ink of pitch through dieting. More so the previous studies do not give a clear explanation and evidence to show that in the real sense dieting leads to wellness improvements irrespective of the changes in charge. Little or no support is abandoned in support of dieting as a lasting solution to fish exhalation or in the fight against obesity. Similarly, previous researches do not give enough support on the relationship between dieting and the accruing health benefits.These and many more limitations of the previous studies lead researchers in a get hold of to prove that Diets are not the answer as far as obesity and the related health problems are concerned (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). Diet studies were hence was carried out to evaluate the truth about dieting and its relationship with weight personnel casualty. Several hypotheses were therefore made (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). Main Hypothesis of the research famishment or eating less(prenominal) than normal food quantities leads to a all of a sudden term loss of weight. In the long-term, starving encourages weight gain.Individual who have halt dieting or starving gain much weight than they had alienated as epoch goes by. Eating less as well as specified types of foods as prescribed by the doctor do not have any positive health benefits to an individual who is dieting. Dieting is not the absolute solution to obesity. Type of say Experimentation was used in this study in an effort to look at the effects of dieting on weight loss. Some of the individuals who were suffering from obesity were put under the medication or the dieting where by they were starved for 38 days. They organise the experimental group or the dependant variable.The others were not starved and they organise th e control group or the independent variable. The application of dieting procedures include the manipulation to the experimental group. Experimental method was the best method in carrying out this study. This type of study makes it possible for casual conclusions to be made on the diet effect on weight. It was as Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman point out in their study The most rigorous designs in studiesthat randomly say individuals to a diet condition or to a no-diet condition and then(prenominal) follow them over time (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007).Summary of main findings The reviews done on dieting scientific literature drew two conclusions concerning the diets. To begin with, diets have a petty-term effect as far as weight loss is concerned. According to research studies carried out in the years of 1970-mid 90s, participants in dieting disoriented a considerable amount of weight. Each individual lost an average weight of between 5- 10% of their total body weight (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). Secondly, the researches found out that the weight loss cannot be maintained. In one of the reviews, the rates of weight regain opened many debates.More weight is regained after the individuals stopped their dieting. As Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman point out in their research study on Medicares search for effective obesity treatments diets are not the answer The more time that elapsed between the end of a diet and the follow-up, the more weight is regained (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). For instance, according to the study of the research in which patients suffering from obesity in hospital were starved for 38 days, they lost a lot of weight.However follow-ups that were carried out for varying time lengths showed that in less than two years 23% of the patients regained change surface more weight than they very lost during the starvation period. Wi thin a span of two years or more, 83% of the patients had regained more weight than they had lost. Studies whose follow-ups took a lengthy time of about 4-5 years after dieting gave negative results. There was no sign of weight reduction but participants continued to add slightly(prenominal) pounds of weight (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007).Research findings and the hypothesis These finding completely supports the postulated hypothesis that eating less, starvation or dieting has little or no help in the fight against obesity. It truly leads to increases in weight when it is stopped. Weight loss is short lived and only occurs when the individual is under dieting. It has no long term weight loss and it is impossible to starve a person for the rest of his/her life. Therefore, grave they will remain even after dieting. Dieting is in concomitant not the answer (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007).Major limitations of the data On of the lim itations of the study is that dieting does not lead to a life-time weight loss for obesity sufferers. Follow-ups that are given after dieting is stopped reveal that dieting results to additional weight gain. However, only few studies give long-term follow-ups to allow clear compare between dieters weight and that of the control group because it is very difficult to make people who are obese to diet for a long period of time (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007).This study however is not the best method as it is impossible to keep obesity people on diet for the rest of their lives (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). More so, dieting in many studies is combined with lifestyle interventions such as exercise. Dieting therefore could hardly work alone without some material exercises. There are diseases that are associated with obesity such as obesity and hypertension. In a study carried out on those dieters who likewise suffered from hypertensi on, there was no significant outcome in the improvement of systolic and diastolic pressure of blood.However the participants in dieting showed less need for the antihypertensive drugs. In addition, dieting can only prevent diabetes but cannot actually cure it (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). Research Agenda Individuals who have been put under dieting are gaining and maintaining their weight. According to the studies carried out, dieting becomes an ineffective way to stop obesity. make up in prospective nonrandomized studies, dieting does not result to once and for all loss of weight. It is not the answer to obesity. The benefits of dieting in obesity treatment are few.Health problems associated with obesity are also not curbed by dieting. short-term effects of dieting are considerable but long-term outcomes are minimal. There are also potential harms as a result of weight cycling. Dieting is not therefore a good pass for effective obesity treatment (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). Further studies are therefore undeniable to address obesity related health problems. Rigorous diet studies have raised poor results. All that is needed now is a long term randomized study on dieting effects on health outcomes.More studies should also be carried out to determine whether short term weight loss has any effect to the obesity health related problems after the weight is regained. Are there any consequences of weight regain? What are the health outcomes of weight cycling? Exercises have been linked to weight loss and reduced health problems. Is physical exercise a treatment for obesity? Future research should focus on the physical exercise as the obesity treatment. It is not known as to whether exercises alone can lead to weight loss or reduced heath problems and further studies are needed.If Medicare is out to fund for the treatment of obesity, improvements need to be made as far as weight and health aspects are concern ed. Majority of the individuals in the world need to be helped out of diabetes but dieting does not seem to work (Mann, Tomiyama, Westling, Lew, Samuels & Chatman, 2007). Conclusion Dieting is not the cure in the treatment of obesity. All the studies that have been made on diabetes have been disappointing. The study on the effect of reduced calories intake for people suffering from diabetes on weight loss has produced negative result.Actually, the short-term effects are very promising as individual loose considerable amounts of weight during the starvation period. However, when the starvation is brought to an end, pounds and pounds of weight add to the already overweight. More weight is even gained than what was lost during dieting. Obesity, health related problems seem not to be affect by dieting and physical exercises when used together with dieting produce significant result. However, more research needs to be made on obesity health related problems in relation to dieting and ph ysical exercises as a fight against obesity because dieting have be not to be a cure.

Technical Data Corporation

Harvard Business School 9-283-072 Rev. December 1, 1987 Th Jeff Parker was 38 geezerhood old, and held BS (1965), Master of Engineering (1966) and MBA (1969) degrees from Cornell University. After receiving his MBA, Parker had been employed in a human body of positions in the enthronisation industry. From 1969 to 1971, he worked for Smith Barney is m This fiber was prep atomic number 18d as a basis for class discussion quite an than to illust assess either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright 1983 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved.No part of this publication whitethorn be reproduced, stored in a retrieval dodging, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photo duplicateing, recording, or diffe letwise without the permission of Harvard Business School. Distributed by HBS nerve Services, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163. Printed In U. S. A. 1 at er ia Jeff Parker lc a n Since it was founded, TDC had proved to be a more than successful venture than Parker had feeling probable when he started the keep connection. By mid-1982, the confederacys tax revenues were rail at an annual rate in excess of $1,000,000 and scratch profits after taxes were at a $270,000 annual rate. o tb e re skilful info had been established in November of 1980. The requisite memory boards for starting the company had been raised by selling a packet of debentures and stock representing 10% of the equity in the company to outdoors investors for $ ascorbic acid,000. Parker retained 85% of the company. The outside investors were all active participants in the ad here(predicate)nce grocery. pr od uc ed Inter cultivation weed supplied a wide manakin of economic entropy and information services to a broad spectrum of squiffys. Inter selective information was a privately-held company with 1981 revenues of approximately $83 million. w ith u tp adept information was a provider of entropy outline services to the pecuniary partnership particularisedally, to participants in the puzzle securities industry, including stick change oerrs, puzzle changesmen, pension fund four-in-hands and bankers. er m is si on expert selective information crapper fro m Scribbled at the bottom of the last worksheet was Parkers initial estimate of the value of his company. His calculations indicated a range of reasonable values from $5 to 10 million. Parker was more or less afraid(predicate) at the magnitude of this amount, legislaten the firms somewhat modest start simply superstar and one-half days previously.When TDC was created in November, 1980 the total capitalization of the company was under $200,000. LA D C us to Jeff Parker, President of adept information fellowship (TDC), was going everyplace some worksheets he had of late prep bed. He was scheduled to meet the next day with Will Hol tiper, moderate of Interselective informat ion Corporation. Hol angle of diper had asked Parker to discuss a possible investment by Inter entropy in TDC. Eventually, Hollister had said, Interdata was provoke in buying the whole company. m Pu b lis h in g proficient info Corporation . 283-072 skillful selective information CorporationHarris Upham as a placed income securities salesman. From 1972 to 1975, he was Vice President and jitney of the Corporate Bond Department of A. G. Becker. From 1975 to mid-1977, Parker helped develop a west-coast based attach operation for Loeb Rhoades. In mid-1977, Parker left San Francisco to come to Boston to work for fidelity direction as a senior, fixed income portfolio manager. At Fidelity, Parker was responsible for managing the fixed income portion of a number of large pension fund portfolios. Th is Virtually all of the data digest services embodied in TDCs intersection point had been developed by Jeff Parker.During the period he had been employed as a sting trader and as a po rtfolio manager, he had indite a number of proprietary programs to analyze bond data. In 1980, Parker had purchased an apple II micro- information processing system. He transferred all the programs he had developed oer the long time on large sequence-sharing systems so that they would run on the APPLE. The process of producing the pages to be sent out all over the Telerate system was fairly simple. The requisite data were typed into the APPLE by a clerical worker. Then, the individual 2 m Also, TDC had introduced a number of revolutionary analytical services for intake by traders of longterm bonds.By April of 1982, the company had expanded the number of pages of information offered from 19 to 40. on that point were endlessly invigorated ways to analyze or present data on bows and sets. at er ia lc Over the socio-economic class and a half that the argumentation had been in existence, a number of improvements had been made in the basic product. For example, when get-go i ntroduced, the analysis of bond termss, devolves and futures impairments was updated only once a day. However, expert Data had recently hired someone to update the data and analysis more frequently, in some cases as often as hourly. In the extended run, stick outs called for continuous updating by computer. n no tb e re pr TDC charged approximately $150. 00 per month per guest for overture to its services. This fee was extremely modest in comparison to the another(prenominal) be incurred by bond market place passe-partouts. By mid-1982, the company had over calciferol paying subscribers, slightly under 10% of all the Telerate screens in existence. A representative list of customers is go awayd in represent 2. od uc ed w expert Data had the right to send out up to 40 pages of information over the Telerate system. Then, Telerate customers could contract separately with TDC to buy access to the TDC pages. otherwisewise, the Telerate drug user could not pass access to the information. ith ou tp er The method of distributing the product was somewhat unusual. The data analysis was sent out over a computer acquitwork kn testify as Telerate, the dominant distributor of fundamental data (e. g. , legal injurys and legers) in the bond assembly line. By mid-1982, Telerate had over 6,000 customers, each of whom had a computer terminal linked electronically to Telerates central computer. m is si on fro m The product had some(prenominal) components, all designed to provide information reusable to bond market traders.For example, one service provided by TDC was an analysis of endure spreads on government securities of different maturities (e. g. , the difference between the yield available on a short-term treasury bill and the yield to maturity on a long-term government bond). A verbal description of the basic product is contained in evidence 1. LA D C us to Parker left Fidelity in late 1980 to form TDC. The short letter plan called for the company to develop an information analysis system for sale to participants in the fixed-income securities business. The latter group would include bond traders, fixed-income salesmen, bankers and pension fund managers. Pu b lis h A Brief History of expert Data Corporation in g . Technical Data Corporation 283-072 analysis programs were run to create summary reports multipurpose to traders in the bond market. These reports were in turn transmitted right awayly to the Telerate central computer for contagious disease over the Telerate system. By mid-1982, TDC had 6 employees, including Parker. Parker was responsible for generating most of the ideas about product enhancements or smart product introductions. Jody Morse, a Vice President of the firm, was in charge of speckle operations. sea gulleting of TDCs products was done on tether levels. first base, the Telerate system had genuine pages set aside for advertisements. Also, advertisements were placed directly in pertinent trade jou rnals. The guerilla level of marketing entailed direct contact by an employee of TDC on the phone. Possible users were identified and a phone call was placed to trace the product in some depth. Parker employed two people in this capacity. He called them smilers and dialers. The third level of marketing was done by Parker. Parker actively sought national exposure in the media.He made numerous presentations during meetings of bond market professionals. And, he made himself easily available to reporters for comments on sure conditions in the bond markets. By mid-1982, Technical Data had an excellent constitution for delivering a high quality yet inexpensive product which was useful to investors in fixed income securities. Th Telerate had generated tremendous increment over the past few years. The number of terminals in place was expected to flip 7,000 over the next year and a half. The company was just commencement exercise to expand into the European market.A further complica tion in defining the size of the potential market for TDC was that in that honour were suppliers of fiscal data other than Telerate. It was simply feasible to provide the basic TDC services over other networks. And, by chance even more alphaly, the scope of TDCs product line could easily be expanded so that the potential market would be genuinely large. In the last decade, there had been an 3 is m at er This list shows the approximate scattering of the existing Telerate customer base. However, Telerate had not come crocked to capturing 100% of all the possible consumers of financial data on fixed-income securities. a lc an get no Customer Type -U. S. curses Brokers Mortgage Bankers nest egg & Loans insurance policy Companies Trading Operations and Money Managers Miscellaneous w ith Defining the market to which TDCs products were directed was somewhat difficult. A narrow definition suggested that the live subscribers to the Telerate system were the market. In turn, the distribution of Telerates customers by type of business is given at a lower place ou Telerate Systems, Inc. Approximate % of do U. S. 20 % 25 20 7 2 20 6 100 % tb e re pr od uc ed tp er m The Market is si on fro m LA D C us to m Pu b lis h in g . 283-072Technical Data Corporation enlargement in the number of types of securities in which money could be invested stock options, financial futures, bond options, futures contracts on stock market indices were all relationally new investment media. Investors were hungry for information which would help them deal with the myriad choices among securities, and it was to this market that TDC would provide its services. For example, the company could provide a service similar to its bond market service to investors in common stocks. The dominant supplier of data in the stock market was a company called Quotron.Quotron had over 50,000 terminals somewhat the world as comp bed with the 6,000 Telerate terminals. TDC could arrange to distribute a stock analysis service over the Quotron system on terms similar to those government activity TDCs relationship with Telerate. It was also possible that TDC could deliver its current bond-based product to Quotron subscribers. To give some idea of the scope of possible products and distribution media, a copy of the Technical Data corporate charter is provided as Exhibit 3. The competition Th is The company intended in the Fall of 1982 to introduce a brand new service over the Telerate system.Whereas the existing product provided data analysis of longer-term government securities and the associate financial futures, the new product would provide similar analysis for short-term financial securities (e. g. , U. S. Treasury Bills, certificates of deposit, and bankerss acceptances). Specialization by investors in the long-term or short-term end of the market suggested that there would not be much overlap in the client base. twain sets of customers, however, were very likely to have Telerate screens already installed as Telerate supplied stark naked data on securities of all maturities. m Parker had developed a strategic plan for the next several years which called for continued expansion and refinement of the companys current Telerate-based product. at er ia lc Future Plans and Projections an no Parker believed he had a substantive advantage over other competitors, given his substantial knowledge of the market. His experience as a bond trader and as portfolio manager was an important asset. tb e re pr However, at least with respect to TDCs existing market niche, TDCs market penetration was limited more by the ability of the company to contact otential customers and to sign them up than it was by direct competition. od uc ed Also, one of the reasons Interdata had contacted Parker was that the company was interested in expanding its data analysis capabilities. Like Telerate, Interdata was known principally as a supplier of raw data. w ith ou tp Indeed, Parker had discovered that Telerate was interested in developing its own analytical products to transmit over its system. It was possible that much(prenominal) products might be directly competitive to those offered by TDC.Parker knew, however, that Telerate would have to build a whole new department to produce analytical programs. Telerate had traditionally only provided raw financial data to the bond market. er m is si on fro m in that location were many current and possible competitors in the business of come outing data and analysis to the financial community. or so of these competitors were substantially larger in size than Technical Data. LA D C us to m Pu b lis h in g . Technical Data Corporation 283-072 Additionally, TDC planned to diversify away from Telerate as the mend distribution medium for its products.Specifically, the company was discussing arrangements with Quotron and Radiodata. As noted above, Quotron was the dominant supplier of financial information pertaining t o the stock market. They were very much interested in performing a similar role in the fixed income markets. And, Parkers firm could provide services to stock investors similar to those provided for bond investors. In particular, Parker and TDC had expertness in some of the recently introduced financial securities options and futures contracts on stock market indices such as the amount & Poors vitamin D. Th s m fiscal Performance In November of 1980, when the company was formed, sales were zero. By mid-1982, sales were running at an annual rate of slightly over $1,000,000. From the day the company was formed to the end of April, 1982, the increment to retained earnings was $179,335. At that date, property and marketable securities were slightly less than $four hundred,000. Some recent financial statements and the associated notes to the financial statements are included as Exhibit 5. at er ia underway plans called for the introduction of two new software programs by the Fall of 1982.Parker hoped that introducing a complete line of programs with a common user interface would terminate the market, and would effectively create a barrier to entry. lc an no tb At Technical Data, Huebscher was in charge of overseeing the complete process of developing new stand-alone software programs. He would write some of the software himself, and he would assess the attractiveness of programs offered to TDC for resale by outside programmers. e re pr od Parker had recently hired a graduating MBA from Harvard Business School to be a product manager for the software series.Bob Huebscher had been a project manager for a software firm in Boston before debut business school. uc ed w In the last three years, the number of micro-computers being used by investment professionals had expanded dramatically. More generally, during this time period, over 1. 5 million so-called personal computers had been sold which could conceivably run software created by TDC. The introduction in late 1981 of a personal computer by IBM was an important event from TDCs perspective because its customer base was more likely to buy personal computers from IBM than from some of the other firms active in the industry. th ou tp er m is si on TDC was scheduled to introduce in July, 1982 the initiative of what was intended to be a broad line of financial software. The initial product was a yield calculator, and is described in Exhibit 4. The preliminary response in the market to pre-released versions of this product had been overwhelmingly enthusiastic. fro m LA Finally, TDC was in the process of introducing several stand-alone software products. These products were intended to be used by professional participants in the investment community on a personal computer. D C us to Radiodata was a relatively new company.They intended to supply information over the position part of the FM radio band. The middle part was not used for radio transmission, but could provide a reliable means for tr ansmitting data to specially equipped terminals. m Pu b lis h in g 5 . 283-072 Technical Data Corporation The asset requirements of TDC were minimal. In addition to normal office furniture, the company owned a number of personal computers. A in full equipped APPLE II computer, however, only cost $4,000. 00. When TDC had been formed, Parker had arranged to use the office space of a company active in the bond business.In return for free rent, Parker provided the company with the use of his programs. However, in the Spring of 1982, the company had signed a five year lease on new space in a downtown Boston building. The annual rent on the new office was $45,000. In March of 1982, Technical Data had entered into preliminary negotiations with Telerate to extend its contract to distribute its product. The company was attempting to sign a five year contract which would involve TDC paying Telerate a royal house of its Telerate-based revenues. It was very likely that these negotiations woul d be successfully concluded in the around future.Proforma Revenues and disbursals Th is Parker was in somewhat of a quandry as to how to value the company. Although TDC had been very successful from the start, a great deal of the potential value from direct the company came from future profits. In order to maintain the high rate of growth, the company would have to develop and introduce new products and sustain a strong marketing program. Parker decided that the best way to fare at an appropriate price for the company was to obtain data on price earnings ratios being accorded in the stock market to comparable companies.Then, these multiples could be applied to the expected earnings of TDC over the next 12 months to arrive at a price. There were several sources of information on price earnings multiples. Parker had found a report which contained data on companies in the computer services industry. The list was compiled by an investment banking firm called Alex browned & Sons. 6 m at er ia lc an Valuation no tb The three sets of revenue and expense forecasts are provided in Exhibits 6, 7 and 8.Attached to Exhibit 6 are estimates of the market shares necessary to achieve the customer and revenue targets in the base case forecast. e re pr od With respect to expense forecasts, Parker took the approach that at most expenses would be 50% of revenues. Assuming for simplicity an effective tax rate of 50%, the net margin on sales was expected to be 25%. uc ed w The revenue projections were broken down into a number of categories representing specific product line forecasts. In the first year of the forecast period, the mountain of the revenues were expected to come from the current Telerate business. th ou tp er Parker had developed three different forecasts for the revenues and expenses of the firm over the next three fiscal years ending October 31 expected values (base case) optimistic (best case) values and, hopeless (worst case) values. m is si on fro m LA D C us to The salary levels of the TDC employees depended in part on the level of lucrativeness of the firm. As of April 30, 1982, Jeff Parker was receiving an annualized salary of $cxxv,000. For the six months ended April 30, 1982, the total salary payments of TDC were $126,000. m Pu b lis h in g . Technical Data Corporation 83-072 There were two parts of the report which were of interest to Parker. The first was a list of some financial data on firms in the computer services industry for the period ending March 9, 1982. The list showed prices, dividend yields and price earnings ratios as well as other related data. The list is attached as Exhibit 9. The second part of the Alex chocolate-brown report was a graph showing the relationship between the price earnings ratios accorded firms in the sample and the expected long term growth rates of earnings for each. The graph is reproduced as Exhibit 10.Parker had also compiled a list of data on recent initial public offerings. That is, t he data described the financial characteristics of companies issuing stock for the first time. These data are attached as Exhibit 11. Finally, Parker had gathered some more small information about some companies in businesses not disimilar to that of Technical Data. Some summarized data on Management Science of America, Quotron, Cullinane Data Base and Monchik Webber are shown in Exhibit 12. Th is m at er ia lc an no On the other hand, Parker didnt want to give away the company.He had worked hard for years, and this was the broad payoff. He and his family had a lot at stake in the negotiations. This was one of the most important decisions he had ever had to defend. tb e re pr The final issue confronting Parker was how to negotiate with Hollister and Interdata. He knew Hollister well, and wanted to await on good terms with him, insureless of the outcome of the negotiations. Therefore, he thought he would have to be reasonable in his demands. od uc ed For the purposes of estimati ng a reasonable discount rate, Parker had gathered some information on the financial markets in April of 1982.These data are provided in Exhibit 13. w ith ou With respect to alternative valuation methods, Parker was interested in seeing if he would arrive at a value different from those estimated by exploitation price earnings ratios if he used discounted cash flow techniques. The questions here involved what the cash flows would be for Technical Data, what the appropriate time aspect for forecasting should be, and what discount rate to use. tp er m is si on There were several issues facing Parker. The first was how to use the information he had gathered above to arrive at a fair price for his company.A second issue was whether or not there was some other way to approach the valuation issue. fro m LA The Meeting with Hollister of Interdata Corporation D C us to m Pu b lis h in g 7 . 8 Th Exhibit 1 is at er ia lc an no tb e re pr od uc ed w ith ou tp er m is si on fro m 283-072 m L A D C us Technical Data Corporation to m Pu b lis h in g . Th at er ia lc an no tb e re pr od uc ed w ith ou tp er m is si on fro m Exhibit 1 (Continued) is m Technical Data Corporation LA D C us to m Pu b lis h 283-072 9 in g . 283-072 Technical Data Corporation Exhibit 2 Technical Data i Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 617 482 3341Th is 10 m at ACLI governing body Securities Aetna Life Insurance Alex Brown & Sons Alliance Capital Management assort Corporation Ameri mickle full general Armco Bache Halsey Stuart Bankers Trust Bank of America return Stearns A. G. Becker Brown Brothers Harriman Cargill Investment Services Chase Manhattan Bank Chemical Bank Chicago Corporation Clayton Brokerage COMARK Conti Commodities Continental Bank Connecticut General Dean Witter Reynolds Discount Corporation Donaldson Lufkin Jenrette Drexel Burnham Lambert Dry Dock Savings Drysdale Securities Ehrlich-Bober & Company Federal Home Loan Bank Federal subject Mortgage Assoc.Fidelity Ma nagement & Research First Boston First city National Bank, Houston First National Bank of Boston Ford beat back Company Forstmann Leff Associates G. E. Pension GNP Commodities Goldman Sachs E. F. Hutton REPRESENTATIVE SUBSCRIBER LIST Harvard Management Heinold Commodities International Business Machines International Monetary Market Jennison Associates Kidder Peabody Lehman Bros. , Kuhn Loeb Lloyds Bank Mark Twain National Bank Mass. Financial Services MEG addition Management Mer cornerstonetile Bank of Canada Merrill Lynch Mobil Oil Morgan Guaranty Moseley Hallgarten Neuberger Berman Norton Simon Paine Webber Wm.E. pollock T. Rowe Price Putnam Advisory Refco Partners Richardson Securities Scudder Stevens & Clark The Securities Group Shearson/American Express Smith Barney Standard Oil of Ohio render of California State of Illinois State of Minnesota State of Wisconsin Thompson McKinnon Travelers Insurance The Treasury Group Tucker Anthony Union Carbide Wertheim & Co. Wheat First Securities The World Bank er ia lc an no tb e re pr od uc ed w ith ou tp er m is si on fro m LA D C us to m Pu b lis h in g . Technical Data Corporation 283-072 Exhibit 3 TECHNICAL DATA CORPORATION incorporated CHARTERTechnical Data is in the business of providing decision support systems to the professional investment community. Essentially, the company provides products which enable investors to analyze data in order to make better investment decisions. The data which can be analyse employ Technical Datas products are those pertaining to virtually all publicly traded securities. Examples of securities would include U. S. administration bonds, commodity futures, common stocks and options on stocks. For each possible security, the relevant data set would include current and historical prices, volume and open interest. Th is m at r ia lc an no tb e re Correspondingly, there are two methods of distributing Technical Datas products to the final customer. The first is over some ele ctronic communications medium. An example would be the Telerate system. Technical Datas customers gain access to the data and analysis by subscribing to certain(a) pages on the Telerate system. There are a number of other competing communications systems, including Quotron and Radiodata. The other distribution method for Technical Data is direct sales of products to consumers. An example would be a software package to be used on a microcomputer to analyze data. r od uc ed w ith ou There are essentially two modes in which the analysis of data can be done using Technical Data products. The first is what can best be described as on-line that is, the data are analyzed as they are (continuously or periodically) updated on the relevant securities market. The second mode of analysis is one in which the data are analyzed without immediate, computerized access to updated information. An example of the latter mode would be an analytical package provided to an investor in the form of a stand- alone software routine.The user of such a package would normally be responsible for entering the relevant data. tp er m is si on fro m The analytical tools provided by Technical Data are designed to provide information deemed useful to investors in making investment decisions in an easily understood format. With regard to format, both numerical and graphical displays are employed. LA D C us There are a number of ways in which these data can be analyzed. These include price or volume trend analysis (so called technical analysis) fundamental analysis (e. g. , the pricing of options) and, relative pricing analysis (e. . , the spreads between the yields on various fixed income instruments). to m Pu b lis h in g 11 . 12 Th Exhibit 4 is at er ia lc an no tb e re pr od uc ed w ith ou tp er m is si on fro m 283-072 m LA D C us Technical Data Corporation to m Pu b lis h in g . Technical Data Corporation 283-072 Exhibit 5 Income Statements* Year October 31 1981 371,557 20,216 17,139 8,240 417 ,152 391,773 3 months January 31 1982 201,304 6,262 8,637 655 216,858 207,566 3 Months April 30 1982 241,568 4,557 10,957 1,138 258,220 246,125 6 Months April 30 1982 442,872 10,819 19,594 1,793 475,078 453,691Revenues Subscription Income Equipment Sales Interest other sum of money Revenues melodic phrase Operating Revenues Costs and Expenses Cost of Equipment Sales Salaries and Wages other Operating Expenses Rent Interest Total Expenses Pre-Tax Income Taxes Th is m at er ia lc an no tb e re pr od Current 23,025 39,866 Deferred 2,275 10,224 Total Taxes 25,ccc 50,090 Net Income 58,124 59,364 dough Before Interest & Taxes 78,660 104,192 Note Depreciation & Amortization 9,154 2,724 Note Telerate Royalty 74,598 26,911 Note Rent 0 0 *See the summary of accounting principles at the end of this exhibit. s si on 13,984 145,719 161,650 0 12,375 333,728 83,424 3,818 46,325 53,886 0 3,375 107,404 109,454 C us 3,432 60,551 72,492 0 3,375 139,850 118,370 to m fro m LA D uc 45,123 11,410 56 ,533 61,837 110,788 2,724 26,927 0 ed w ith ou tp er m Pu b lis h 7,250 106,876 126,378 0 6,750 247,254 227,824 84,989 21,634 106,623 121,201 214,980 5,448 53,838 0 in g 13 . 283-072 Technical Data Corporation Exhibit 5 (Continued)Assets Current Assets Cash Marketable Securities Accounts Receivable Prepaid Expenses Other Total Current Assets Property & Equipment Computer Equipment Office Equipment Motor Vehicles Total Property Less Accumulated Depreciation Net Property and Equipment Other Long-Term Assets TOTAL ASSETS Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable Accrued Liabilities Taxes Payable Deferred Subscription Income Total Current Liabilities Long-Term Debt Deferred Income donationholders Equity Common Stock Retained Earnings 67,927 3,886 20,107 91,920 8,876 83,044 1,238 422,734 73,174 3,886 20,107 97,167 11,525 85,642 1,163 559,953 150,199 49,941 138,041 271 0 338,452 233,048 49,941 187,112 1,476 1,571 473,148 174,384 224,197 217,804 1,135 3,425 620,945 October 31 1981 January 31 1982 April 30 1982 m is si on fro m LA D C us to uc ed w 13,984 56,412 23,025 113,747 207,168 90,000 2,275 19,110 11,625 55,336 198,951 285,022 90,000 2,275 ith ou tp er m Th is 14 m at er ia lc an no tb e re TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY pr od 65,167 58,124 123,291 65,167 117,487 182,654 Pu b 75,566 3,886 20,107 99,559 14,174 85,385 1,088 707,418 15,022 27,583 95,740 232,295 370,640 90,000 2,275 65,167 179,335 244,502 lis h in g . Technical Data Corporation 283-072 Exhibit 5 (Continued) Summary of Significant story Policies The Company bills subscription income in advance on an annual or periodical basis.Such billings are recorded as a liability (deferred subscription income) and taken into income ratably over the period that they are earned. Marketable securities are recorded at cost, which approximates market value. Th is m at er ia lc an no tb e re pr od uc ed w ith ou tp er m is si on Deferred income taxes relate to timing differences in the recognition of certain expe nses for income tax purposes, principally depreciation. fro m Investment tax credits are accounted for on the flow-through method as a reduction of income taxes in the year in which the credits are available for tax purposes. LA D Organizational expenses are being amortized over a period of 60 months. C us Property and equipment are recorded at cost.Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets for financial statement purposes, and principally speed up methods for tax purposes. Costs of maintenance and repairs are charged to expense and square renewals and betterments are capitalized. to m Pu b lis h 15 in g . 283-072 Technical Data Corporation Exhibit 6 Proforma gelt Projections Expected Values Actual may/1982 financial 8283 monetary 8384 Fiscal 8485 maturation Rates REVENUE SOURCE Telerate Customers $ Per Month Revenues Quotron Customers $ Per Month Revenues Radiodata Customers $ Per Month Revenues sunrise(prenominal)sl etter Customers $ Per Year Revenues software package Customers outputs $ Per Product Revenues sensitive Bill Product+ Customers $ Per Month Revenues See Assumptions Below) 553 156 1035216* 750 165 1485000 150 170 306000 250 100 ccc000 300 100 30000 200 10 250 500000 350 100 420000 0 3041000 760250 900 190 2052000 300 187 673200 500 110 660000 500 125 62500 1000 210 2520000 450 206 1110780 700 125 1050000 15. 47 12. 82 30. 27 C us to m fro m LA D tp er m 700 125 87500 200 30 250 1500000 700 125 1050000 400000 7718280 1929570 is si on uc ed w 200 20 250 trillion 500 125 750000 250000 5447700 1361925 ith ou TOTAL REVENUES no tb Other New Products Stocks & For. Exchange e re pr od _______ 1035216 Th is Assumptions 1. Expense Ratio (%) 2. Tax Rate (%) m at er *Annualized ia lc crystallize PROFIT an 50. 00 50. 00 The Bill Product was the data analysis service stress on short-term financial securities (e. g. , Treasury Bills) which TDC intended to distribute over Telerate. 16 Pu b 73 . 21 10. 00 90. 53 67. 33 11. 80 87. 08 52. 75 11. 80 70. 78 0. 00 73. 21 0. 00 73. 21 41. 42 11. 80 58. 11 NA 59. 31 59. 31 lis h in g . Technical Data Corporation 283-072 Exhibit 6 (Continued) Actual May/1982 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARES Telerate (Bonds) Total Market TDI Customers Share Quotron Total Market TDI Customers % Share Radiodata Total Market TDI Customers % Share Telerate (Bills) Total Market TDI Customers % Share 7000 750 10. 71 24000 150 0. 63 2500 250 10. 0 7000 350 5. 00 8000 900 11. 25 48000 300 0. 63 3700 500 13. 51 8000 500 6. 25 9000 1000 11. 11 60000 450 0. 75 4900 700 14. 29 9000 700 7. 78 13. 39 15. 47 1. 84 58. 11 73. 21 9. 54 40. 00 67. 33 19. 52 13. 39 41. 42 24. 72 Fiscal 8283 Fiscal 8384 Fiscal 8485 Growth Rates Th is m at er ia lc an no tb e re pr od uc ed w ith ou tp er Note The other market share figures are not meaningful because TDCs expected share is very small. m is si on fro m LA D C us to m Pu b lis h in g 17 . 283-072 Technical Data Corporation Exhib it 7 Proforma Profit Projections Best Case Values Actual May/1982 Fiscal 8283 Fiscal 8384 Fiscal 8485 Growth RatesREVENUE SOURCE Telerate Customers $ Per Month Revenues Quotron Customers $ Per Month Revenues Radiodata Customers $ Per Month Revenues Newsletter Customers $ Per Year Revenues Software Customers Products $ Per Product Revenues New Bill Product Customers $ Per Month Revenues Other New Products Stocks & For. Exchange (See Assumptions Below) 553 156 1035216* 800 165 1584000 300 170 612000 400 100 480000 400 125 50000 1000 190 2280000 500 187 1122000 600 125 900000 600 150 90000 1200 210 3024000 600 206 1481040 22. 47 12. 82 38. 17 41. 42 10. 00 55. 56 50. 00 22. 47 83. 71 41. 42 9. 54 54. 92 41. 42 73. 21 9. 54 168. 33 41. 42 11. 80 58. 11 123. 61 73. 70 73. 70 si on fro m tp er uc ed 200 10 250 500000 500 100 600000 100000 m is 300 20 275 1650000 700 125 1050000 400000 7492000 1873000 w

Horror Story Essay

It was a wonderful day in Confederate Spain and Sara and Kevin was out for a walk in the mouintains on their last pass day. The view was extrodernery, olive plantings turning the otherwise dry land cat valium and small white houses forming tiny villages, everything bathing in the strong Andalusian sunlight. As they walked upon an old path with a high drop cloth on the left-hand-side they passed a yellow sign with some text and the cliff miscellaneous in black, but since neither of them spoke Spanish they thought nada of it. They walked on by and enjoyed each others companies very much, holding hands and talk of the town about their holiday. Suddenly Sara stopped and claimed that she heard a noice of a rock candy falling down from the mountain beside them, but Kevin assured her that it was perfectly very well for them to continue their walk, since he was enjoying it so much. Just a second after he spoke those words a loud noise shoke the consideration and before they even ha d time to react, massive rocks were flying down from the cliff just beside them.They threw themselves against a big tree next to the path as rocks kept falling down and dust started to fill the air. The horrible heartbeat seemed to last forever.. At last it stopped, and everything turned dead silence. aft(prenominal) a few seconds a voice was heard shouting Sara , argon you okay? Where are you? It was Kevin ofcourse. He was lying under the tree, and seemed to be preventative and sound despite the horrible incident. A few seconds went by without an event from Sara. He started panicing and shouting, even louder and more anxious than before. Then silently, but still, a wage sound was heard. Kevin jumped up from the place he was lying on and started to look around.There, on the path, under a pile of rocks he proverb a red thing but he couldnt acknowledge what it was. Coming closer, he saw that Sara was lying there and that the red was from her island of Jersey which she wore that day. He quickly grabbed the biggest rock on top and started to push, at initiative it was all still which made Kevin again to panic. With all his force he pushed once again and now it slowly started to move and finally, after an heroic effort the rock slid off and Sara could get loose. She miraculously was also without every severe injuries and hugged Kevin harder than ever before, and they agreed that they wont ignore signs they gullt understand ever again.

A Business Marketing Plan: Hunger Solution & Training Company Essay

IntroductionThis paper contains a commercializeing designing of a sm only harvestion telephoner that is earmarked to be established in Gardnerville, the suburb of Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, my country of origin. The note which is to be named hungriness closure & gentility keep phoner derived its name from the decade-long polished warfargon that existed in Liberia that resulted into nearly of the citizens and separate nationals of this country being internally displaced. These good deal which comprise of men, women, children, and other nationals, moved into the small capital of the country and its suburbs, making it very congest in name of population. Others fled into inhabit countries like Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Guinea, and Togo. Due to the juicy rate of unemployment, about of the domestic husbandmans and others who were engaged in other origines for survivals atomic number 18 unable to pass two or three sumptuous meals a day, leaving them and their children poor and hungry.Hunger answer & Training caller is a not-for-profit mandioca-Powder Production keep guild founded on January 13, 2012. The fel impoverishedship produces bitter mandioca powder, a provender that is widely consumed by 99% of the Liberian population in the country. Since cassava is a major crop in the country and there is a growing demand from its consuming public, the purpose of this alliance is to cater to this famish need of the growing number of the Liberian populace as head as those who are discharged. The federation allow distribute its increase to nigh Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo who are characterrs of this produce and besides hosting most of the Liberian citizens as refugees.The Company leave alone withal train and empower local farmers to re-use their farm dry lands, engage in large-scale domain, and make them to bring their produce to the company to be alterationd into cassava powder for merchandising and dispersal. Cassava Powd er or cassava is the third-largest ascendant of food for thought carbohydrates in the tropics. It is a major staple food in the developing introduction, providing a basic diet for around 500 cardinal people. It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the worlds largest producer of cassava (Faintuch Ceccenello, I. I., 2011). In Ghana, cassava Powder digest be make into (fufu) and consumed with all kinds of soup palm-butter soup, pepper soup, okra soup, and etcetera.In Liberia, cassava can be used to in different ship canal it is made into fufu, farina, first solid food for babies, as well as achekeh. It can be used with galore(postnominal) ingredients that add up to nurture the body. As you delve deeper into the paper, you leave behind read ab bug out the strategies used to excuse the merchandise in terms of its primary characteristics, service component, and how it can be used for provokement. You resulting read how the product can be spread out to product line with regards to the depth and breadth of the line. You have an insight of how the sum business may change in response to industry and merchandise changes and how this product can seduce an image in the mind of its consumers and entrepreneurs.You leave further read about domestic and global product branding, pricing, and distribution strategies for cassava powder product and education learned persond by Hunger Solution & Training Company. Further discussion testament determine, detail, and examine how these branding, pricing, and distribution strategies h elderly tush the cassava product and training services of the Company. A distribution duct will also be noblelighted analyzing and identifying the wholesaler, retailer, and distributor relationship. If the strategy will be considered push or pull, it will be justified through with(predicate) the rationale that will be outlined in the paper. As you will keep further, you will d iscern how the distribution strategy fits the product and training cyclorama of the Company with regards to service, target market, and the Companys overall marketing strategy.The Company will ensure that its product and training are essential to the require of the Liberian consuming public as well as their workforce development. You will also read about the Companys announce strategy and how this approach will bring into line the Companys marketing goals. It will be determined how effectively the ad will be measured and how the different promotional strategies relevant to the Company advertising will be utilized. Further discussion will establish the lift out marketing research approach used to measure customer triumph with the Companys product (cassava powder) and training service initiated to train farmer in implementing large-scale farming. It will be explained how gaps in customer expectations and experiences will be addressed by the marketing wing of the Company, using the high knowledge and proficiency of experienced and well-schooled people in marketing solicitude. pillow slip of Product and its basal CharacteristicsThis marketing invent will also douse vision of the company, its mission statement, product and services, and underlying factor of the business. The plans will also contain a vivid description of the company in terms of its business product as well as SWOT compend to demonstrate its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A market target segmentation of customers, strategic mission, and its distant expansion will be made to give a garner picture how the business will implement its transactions in and out of the country.Vision StatementHunger Solution & Training Company determines to give its customers with cassava powder that will be used for food usance and empower its local farmers and others to engage into re-using their farm lands for growing cassava that will be made into cassava powder and to hunt down out large-scale farming.Mission StatementThe mission of Hunger Solution & Training Company is to provide cassava powder to its customers for utilization in a proficient and quiet way. The Company will also empower local farmers by training them and others to re-use their farmlands for growing cassava crop that will be brought to the Company for cassava powder making.Foreign Market and RationaleSince the Company is ideally located in Gardnerville, the suburb of Monrovia, it has resolved to extend its operations to neighboring Ghana, Togo, and Nigeria respectively. The major reason for this extension emanates from that fact that most of the Liberians nationals that fled the decade-long civil war migrated to these countries as refugees and are indolent, living on subsistent businesses. Besides, the people of these countries (Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo) widely use plantain powder product, yam powder product, and cassava powder product in various ways for consumption.Management TeamThe Comp any is bunk and managed by four persons John Garven, General Manager, Vonyee Garven, Chief Financial Officer, and Immanuel Garven, theater director for Training and Development. Devon Okoro is the market manager, while 25 other workers work in various sectors of the company.Market SegmentHunger Solution & Training Company (HSTC) targets all sectors of people who are found in Monrovia and its suburbs. It also concentrates on those in the campestral areas where there are enough land to carry out large-scale farming. It also targets other nationals like the Nigerians, Ghanaians, Togolese, as well as Hispanic populations who are consumers of this product and living in Liberia. The Companys product will also cater to women, men, children as well as babies. Since the country is underdeveloped and indigent, many of its vast indolent citizens live on less than an American dollar ($1.00 USD) per day. Besides, the civil disturbance contributed largely to deplorable living specialises o f its people. The Company also targets to train farmers who migrated from the rural areas of the country and displaced in Monrovia as a result the civil war, and those unemployed wanting to engage in large-scale farming.SWOT summaryThe spirit of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the company is defined relative to other providers in the market, and how the company can identify and capitalize on its strengths, weaknesses, as well as exploring opportunities that can boost the company capabilities and weaknesses that could lead to its collapse, if not worked upon ( Powerhouse merchandising Plans, 2004). In this regards, the following are considered as SWOT analysis of Hunger Solution & Training Company Strengths The Company is given several(prenominal) gibibyte acres of land by government and townspeople in many of the countrys rural towns and villages for large-scale farming. It has a lot of farming machines, like tractors, equipment for sloughing the land, etcetera. in that respect are other tools necessary to enhance smooth farming. It also has volunteer workers who will work for six months without pay. The management team is skilled in the area of business and has the capability to trains others to be productive. The company has donors that cater to 75% of its financial needs. Due to its supportive imagination of alleviating the government to wince the high rate of illiteracy, it is being subsidized by government. Weaknesses The Company does not have vehicles that are accessible to the bad avenue condition in terms of conveying its product into some separate of the rural areas as well as its neighboring countries. As the results nears are delayed. Most of its workers are not trained as distributing and operating agents.OpportunitiesThere is an availability of donor organizations in the United States and other developed countries in alacrity to sponsor such venture. NGOs (non-governmental organizations) are stick in in the count ries wanting to sponsor companies that have such schedules. Threats Bad driveway condition during the rainy season thwarts the efforts of good delivery of the companys products. Another disvantage that is envisaged is government regulations and the willingness of the internally displaced people to go back and settle into their counties of origin.Industry AnalysisIt is researched and understood that business of this nature is most time not taken on by a narrow-minded group of entrepreneurs but rather the government, which creates the means for multiple sponsorship that vehemently reduce its high rate of unemployment and contribute largely to replenishing its economy. The chief food product (cassava product) is a good business that has a huge competitive advantage in other countries that have this product as their chief product of consumption. Form this research survey, it is noticed that there is a need for the initiation of this company in Liberia since the country has none.Prod ucts and assistantsThe selection of this product and training by Hunger Solution & Training Company is contingent upon my intrust to enable everyone to at least afford a days meal and to empower people who are unemployed to get a job to do. In this regards, the company is considered as light in tail for the Liberian people. The product is to be consumed by all of the people of Liberia including children as young as five months and to the elderly as old as eighty-five years. It offers a very cheap price that even the long-time unemployed workers can afford.Marketing Product 2Type of Product and its Primary CharacteristicsThe selection of this product (cassava powder) and training by Hunger Solution & Training Company is contingent upon the desire to enable everyone to at least afford a days meal and to empower people who are unemployed to get a job to do. In this regards, the company is considered as light in darkness for the Liberian people. The product is consumed by all of the people of Liberia including children young as five months and to the elderly as old as eighty-five years. It offers a cheap price that even the long-time unemployed workers can afford. Beside the training program that is to be initiated and implemented by this company, it would peg down in the production of cassava powder.This product can be made into dumplings, fufu, stews, and gravies. The powder can also be made into bread, and milky pudding, convertible to rice pudding. The major specialty it would offer is to create a good taste of preference to all that would use it to satisfy their consumption needs. The company will adapt to the improvement of quality standards so that maximum rejoicing is assured. Due to this, the company will also experiment with other wise tenets of flavor that will enrich the taste of the original product, which will be made available to its consumers. An example would be cassava bread, milky pudding, gravies, stews and dumplings.Service Component o f the ProductSince a product is simply a marketing offering, that can be tangible or intangible and satisfy the consumption wants of the consumers, a service component of a product is the means that is devised to create interest in the mind of the consumer to purchase the product. This can be achieved through advertising the product on electronic or print media, or creating the awareness for purchasing. However, since the company is the sole producer and distributor of this product, it becomes a priority for the company to motivate and satisfy the needs of its consumers. In order to successfully implement this, the company moldiness probe into complaints and dissatisfaction that will ensue from its customers. They must be given first preference and their complaints must be short dealt with to assure them that without them the company will not exist.They will also be given discount like (buy three get one free) this will help to entice more customers including window shoppers and wi ll give the company edge over other competitors. For the training aspect, free six-week training will be made available to those customers who will make the highest purchase of the product. Hence, the eccentric of product that will be marketed by my company will be cassava powder, a product made from grinding dried cassava. This terminate product can be made into fufu and other nutritional serve up that can satisfy ones hunger needs. In this regards, the company will become the chief distributors to wholesalers and retailers. There will also be a store insured by the company that will also carry out these sales. This product is one of the best sources of carbohydrates, nutrients that are used to corroborate the body.Expansion of the Product to Product discover and Its Depth and Breadth of the Line Hunger Solution & Training Company does not only operate in the production of cassava product at affordable low cost, but also provide Organic Health Care food categorized as dumplin g, milky pudding, cassava bread, as well as stews and gravies. The companys media house offers tangibility of information and theses nutritional products that will go along with its chief product, the cassava powder. The free six-week training program for customers who will make the highest purchases in one month is advantageous for people who will be ready to engage in large-scale farming. center field caper Response to Industry and Market ChangesIf there is a change in business which may be a drop in sale that may result from market changes, the company may initiate downsizing and create a frictional job until these determining factors of the business are improved. Besides this, opportunities to explore that will contribute to improving the condition of the companys sales even in worsening seat will be initiated. Extension of this business will be adapt at exploring opportunities that will yield diversification and staunch frugal benefits as well as exploring changes that will epitomize response to industry and market changes.ConclusionA good marketing plan involves the use of several ingredients that form the mechanisms in which a person should be fortified with the pinch of the elements of marketing, in order to make a good decision. It is tenets of the companys vision and mission, foreign market and management team, as well as its market segment and SWOT analysis. A good marketing plan engulfs marketing product which is the bait and tool a company or business entity uses to satisfy the needs and wants of its customers it is the prerogative of the company to make this product attractive and affordable. As it highlights the service component of the product and how it can be expanded into the product line through its breadth and depth, it pivots core business in response to market changes that will result into diversification and economic benefits.ReferencesFaintuch Cecconello, I. I. (2011). Systemic inflammation, J. J., Bortolotto, L. A., Marques, P. C ., Faintuch, J. J., Frana, J. I., & and carotid diameter in obese patients pilot relative study with flaxseed powder and cassava powder. Nutrition Hospitalaria, 26(1), 208-213.Falade, K. O., & Akingbala, J. O. (2011). Utilization of Cassava for Food. Food Reviews International, 27(1), 51-83. doi10.1080/87559129.2010.518296Felgate, M., Fearne, A., Di Falco, S., & Garcia Martinez, M. (2012). Using supermarket loyalty card data to take the impact of promotions. International Journal of Market Research, 54(2), 221-240. doi10.2501/IJMRJohnson, W. (2004). Powerhouse Marketing Plans 14 Outstanding Real-life Plans and What You Can Learn from Them to Supercharge Your Own Campaigns. AMACOM Ldicke, M. (2006). A Theory of Marketing Outline of a Social Systems Perspective. University Of St. Gallen, Business Dissertations, 1-204. Marketing & distribution in India. (2000). India Economic Studies, 77.McDonald, M. (2008). Malcolm McDonald on Marketing prep Understanding Marketing Plans and Strate gy. Kogan Page. , 26(1), 208-213. M. E., M. M.(2006). Marketer of the Year Wendy Clark. B To B, 91(14), 12.