To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - The Death of Innocence :: Free Essay Writer

To Kill A Mockingbird Death of Innocence A songbirds melody clear evoke happiness in anyone, as can the smiling face of a child. The mockingbird sings for the sake of singing, and an innocent child possesses an innate joyfulness, as subjective as instinct. Yet a mockingbirds song dies as easily as innocence. In the beginning of the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, Scout and Jem are portrayed as innocents, uncorrupted by our world of prejudice and racism. Their world is simple, sensible, a childs world. However, by the end of the novel, their world has expanded to enclose the irrational nature of humans. Jem and Scouts growing up is portrayed by a series of events that shatters their innocence as easily as a mockingbird can be silenced. One of the first chinks in their armor of naivit that protected them was social prejudice. This was introduced to them in the form of Aunt Alexandra. Scout was crushed when Aunt Alexandra sent Atticus to talk to the Scout and Jem. " you are not run-of-the-mill people, that you are the product of several generations gentle breeding...try to behave like the little lady and gentleman that you are " (Lee 133). Scout was upset because he was essentially copulation her not to be herself. Aunt Alexandra wanted to change Scouts personality to conform to societys ideas of what was right for a girl in those times. It seemed like Atticus had almost encourage them to find their own track, despite the disapproval of many in town overalls were allowed for Scout, a female, and they had free run of the surrounding few houses during the day. Although the incident with Atticus discussion Aunt Alexandras ideas made Scout feel overwhelmed, Atticus resisted Aunt Alexandra by telling Scout to f orget what Aunt Alexandra told him to say, which reassured Scout somewhat. Another way Aunt Alexandra introduced Jem and Scout to social prejudice was how she wouldnt let Scout play with Walter Cunningham. Because the Cunninghams were farm ers that lived out of town, Aunt Alexandra regarded Walter to be socially inferior, and said she would only let him in the house on business. " Because hes trash, thats why you cant play with him (Lee 225). " This exposure to social prejudice struck Scout harder, because this time around, Atticus couldnt say, forget it.

First Impressions about George and Lennies Relationship in Of Mice and Men :: essays research papers

Our first impressions of George are that he is fairly normal. He is preferably small only when still broad and strong. He is small and quick with sourish strong features. We also get the impression that he is smart as well because quick suggests that he is quick thinking as well as fast. He is a lot more sensible than Lennie and has a lot more self discipline. It must be very frustrating for a small-arm with such adept physical and mental health to be dragged down by a friend like he is but he is so kind and therefore he would never let Lennie get into trouble and a couple of times he even risks his life to help him out. Steinbeck makes is taken for granted(predicate) from the first moment that Lennie is mentally retarded. Many times he is referred to as animal like and having animal like features. He is like a hulking baby, he is huge and clearly very strong but he has the mind of a small child. Lennies personality and life seem based on three things soft things, devotion to George and his dream of one day owning a farm. It is quite sad and Steinbeck makes you feel really sorry for him be exaggerating his simplicity and his innocence. Lennie is absent-minded for a good portion of the novel. He is unaware of what hes doing sometimes until he has done it. For example, he enjoyed to pet soft objects. But we find out that while existent in Weed, he decided to pet a womans dress but she thought that he was raping her so she screamed and he almost got himself killed. He is greatly forgetful and needs a lot of looking after otherwise he would never be fitting so survive and quite often this can come between his relationship with George. Lennie is completely incapable of living on his own because of his disability but because George is such a good man, he has almost given up his life and devoted it to helping Lennie. He mentions that he made a promise to Lennies auntie but it is also because he is such a good man and he would never let such an innocent man go just because of a disability. Their relationship is very similar to that of a parent and a child, the child (Lennie) needs the parent (George) to look after them otherwise they wouldnt be able to survive.

Rape fantasies :: essays research papers

Written in 1977, "Rape Fantasies" appears to be a recap of a conversation among several women during their lunch hour, a few of them acting bridge, one--Chrissy the receptionist--reading aloud from a tabloid. When Chrissy asks the question, "How about it, girls, do you thrust rape fantasies?" the story unfolds with each womans response, all retold from the perspective of Estelle, whos doing her best to deflect the entire conversation by concentrating on her bidding.The conversation is tragically ironic, moving from woman to woman, Darlene calling the entire subject "disgusting," Greta describing a Tarzan-like scenario, Chrissy describing hers in a bubble bath, when Estelle, ever the voice of reason, reminds them that what theyre describing argon sexual fantasies "Listen . . . those arent rape fantasies. I mean, you arent getting raped, its just some guy you havent met formally who happens to be more attractive than Derek Cummins . . . and you have a we ll(p) time. Rape is when theyve got a knife or something and you dont want to" (104.)Estelle then describes her rape fantasy where she deflects her attacker by squirting juice from a plastic git in his eyes ("You should hear the one about the Easy Off Cleaner"), but also includes the one where "this short, ugly fellow comes up and grabs my sleeve . . . and I say, kind of disgusted, Oh for Chrissake, and he starts to cry," which prompts a wave of sympathy in Estelle (106). And there are more, each with Estelle warding off her attacker through outsmarting him ("Ive just frame out I have leukemia"), or talking him out of it.As the narrative continues, the reader becomes aware that Estelle is addressing someone in addition to the reader--"I desire you dont mind me holding my nose like this . . ." (107) and that person is probably a man (twice Estelle says, "But I guess its different for a guy"). As the story ends, we realize that Estelle a ll along has been in a bar, speaking to a man she has just met, worrying about the possibility she will be raped by him. "Like, how could a fellow do that to a person hes just had a long conversation with, once you let them know youre human, you have a life too, I dont see how they could go ahead with it, right?

Pragmatism in Navarre’s Heptameron :: Navarre Heptameron

Pragmatism in Navarres HeptameronIn Navarres Heptameron, the tale of the princess who thwarts an attempted scotch reveals the superiority of pragmatism over passion in a Europe transitioning from the medieval period to the Renaissance. Firstly, it is worth mentioning that the princess physical defeat of her lustful attacker would father violated traditional societal mores vis--vis the male-female power dynamic. However, it is the princess social response that is most significant. While initially insistent on the would-be rapists head, she calms down subsequently a discussion with her assistant. Her good judgment eventually prevails and the conclusion is favorable for her.The princess was a woman of moral uprightness that is emphasized in the tale. Her rage emanated from her noesis that a man, whom she, in an exercise of free will and of her honor, had rejected, would then try to take forcefully that which she had refused to give voluntarily. Clearly, the assailant (also her host) deserved to be punished. The medieval dissolver would be execution of the attacker that was the surest way of preserving the familys honor. However, in the process, the princess personal reputation could be destroyed. So, the princess pursues her own personal interest she refuses to be a dupe of greater good philosophy.Her innovative solution leads to the host being consumed with his own guilt. He can no longer bear to face the woman he loved so greatly. His bruises serve as a personal reminder of his sin. The princess, on the other hand, receives confirmation of her suspicionswhich she would have been deprived of had she punished her host in a more traditional fashionand her honor remains intact. Her scheme is also more torturesome for the host he knows that she might know and her passkey and noble behavior throughout attests to her goodnessa goodness he tried to violate.

What Causes Epilepsy? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

What Causes Epilepsy? From GABA to Zinc Epilepsy is a diverse collection of disorders (1). In the United States, on that point be close to one million people with epilepsy-- to the highest degree 1 in 200 people around the world soak up epilepsy(3). This is a review of the emerging insights into the mechanisms underlying the well-nigh common form of epilepsy, mixed partial epilepsy(1). Terminology and Classification of Epileptic SeizuresThe term seizure refers to a transient alteration of behavior due to abnormal synchronized and repetitive bursts of fervor of neurons in the central nervous system. Epilepsy is syndrome of episodic brain dysfunction characterized by recurrent unpredictable spontaneous seizures. Partial seizures begin in a place brain region, whereas generalized seizures show widespread involvement of both hemispheres. Examples of generalized seizures are absences (petit mal), myoclonic, or tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. A complex partial seizure is associa ted with impairment of thought while a simple partial seizure is not. Most complex partial seizures originate from the temporal lobe and are also called temporal lobe seizures. Epileptics frequently have more than one type of seizure. When simple partial seizure precedes a complex partial seizure, it is referred to as an aura. More recent classifications of epileptic syndromes incorporate much(prenominal) features as etiology, age of onset, and the different combinations of seizures that an epileptic has. Other commonly used terms include ictal (of seizure itself) and interictal (between seizures). Convulsion implies ictal behavior with alert motor activities. Status epilepticus denotes a very prolonged seizure or series of seizures occurring so frequently that full recovery of brain function does not occur interictally (1). Complex partial seizures constitute a major percentage of epilepsies and as a result of impaired consciousness are rather disabling. They are often medically intractable in that the administration of medication will not control the seizures. Most cases of complex partial epilepsy appear to stem from an mental defectiveness in the temporal lobe, since partial resection of the temporal lobe, including the mesial structures, hippocampus, and amygdala, virtually eliminates seizures in more than 80% of selected patients. Examination of tissues of the surgical specimens and autopsy studies of patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy most often reveal sclerosis of the hippocampus, termed Ammons horn sclerosis, which is characterized by a marked loss of the principal neurons of hippocampus (1). Jackson and his Early Theory on Epilepsy and genius Organization In the 1800s, it was noted by Jackson that epileptic seizures begin in isolated parts of the body such as the thumb and from there spread to neighboring regions perhaps the arm and then to the rest of the body.

What Causes Epilepsy? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

What Causes Epilepsy? From GABA to Zinc Epilepsy is a diverse collection of disorders (1). In the United States, on that point are close to one million people with epilepsy-- about 1 in 200 people around the world have epilepsy(3). This is a appraise of the emerging insights into the mechanisms underlying the most common form of epilepsy, complex partial epilepsy(1). Terminology and Classification of Epileptic SeizuresThe term seizure refers to a transient adaption of behavior due to abnormal synchronized and repetitive bursts of firing of neurons in the central nervous system. Epilepsy is syndrome of episodic brain dysfunction characterized by recurrent irregular spontaneous seizures. Partial seizures begin in a localized brain region, whereas generalized seizures show widespread involvement of both hemispheres. Examples of generalized seizures are absences (petit mal), myoclonic, or tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. A complex partial seizure is associated with impairment of co nsciousness while a simple partial seizure is not. Most complex partial seizures surface from the temporal lobe and are also called temporal lobe seizures. Epileptics frequently have more than one type of seizure. When simple partial seizure precedes a complex partial seizure, it is referred to as an aura. More recent classifications of epileptic syndromes incorporate such features as etiology, age of onset, and the different combinations of seizures that an epileptic has. Other commonly used terms complicate ictal (of seizure itself) and interictal (between seizures). Convulsion implies ictal behavior with vigorous motor activities. Status epilepticus denotes a very prolonged seizure or series of seizures occurring so frequently that full recovery of brain function does not occur interictally (1). Complex partial seizures constitute a major percentage of epilepsies and as a result of impaired consciousness are rather disabling. They are often medically intractable in that the adm inistration of medication will not mesh the seizures. Most cases of complex partial epilepsy appear to stem from an abnormality in the temporal lobe, since partial resection of the temporal lobe, including the mesial structures, hippocampus, and amygdala, virtually eliminates seizures in more than 80% of selected patients. Examination of tissues of the surgical specimens and autopsy studies of patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy most often reveal sclerosis of the hippocampus, termed Ammons horn sclerosis, which is characterized by a marked loss of the pass neurons of hippocampus (1). Jackson and his Early Theory on Epilepsy and Brain Organization In the 1800s, it was noted by Jackson that epileptic seizures begin in spaced parts of the body such as the thumb and from there spread to neighboring regions perhaps the arm and then to the rest of the body.

Education of the Generations Essay

Most of todays generation is said to have a higher education and achievements comp bed to those of previous generations or the generation of their parents. Childrens of this generation are also said to be to a greater extent active and eager than the children of before. Youth of todays generation are more(prenominal) vigorous and attentive compared to their parents and their grandparents. It is believed that modernization is a big factor to consider regarding this matter. As we all know that the only intimacy that is permanent and thing that is constant within this origination is change.In the sit day there are inevitable growth in modernization computers are widely single-valued function technologies are more advance and this changes have largely affect people from generations to generations as change continually takes its place. A rapidly changing world whose likeness is not sees before. They are all doing better to make the nation as the nation they know today a better one . A forward-looking study shows that in todays time most of college students are more self-centered than the youth on the past generations. They are to be more focused on their selves.Their determinations are of high and this believe to be the root regarding the overall self-centeredness these todays youth. Many studies now undergone by approximately researchers described scores in both(prenominal) test undergone by students have risen steadily since it was introduced in the year 1982 in the a more present year, 2006 according to the latest data they are said to be two-thirds of the students had above average scores, and is note thirty percent more than in 1982. There is rightfully a big gap between the educations of todays generation or all of those college students in counterpart with the generations of their parents.Schools and universities of the two generations are also different, environments, facilities, adaptations of technologies and reading opportunities are also diff erent. Innovation and institutional change occurred. It all becomes better now. There have been expansion on the availability of technologies to improve teaching and instruction strategies such as computers and Internet and other modernized technologies. On the other hand, this modernization of technology has brought us changes regarding educational attainment of most college students.According to some researchers We find strong intergenerational progress in generation, they also write, Across all generations for all groups, we consistently find that children acquire more education than their parents (Public Policy get of California, 2005,p1). This successful education attainment is said to be good news for the state as a whole and also for individuals making an educational betterment for it they believe that having a higher education is a key into a higher economic opportunities.Though todays education is said to be more advanced, as a result todays generation are more capable o f learning many things in a more easy and more convenient way the education attain by the parents also had a great impact on the education of youth today. culture of todays youth are more in at risk due to their parents who doesnt able to get better education. But parents could be a great help too. Education help improve language, literacy and vocational attainment of all the people. It also a fact to be considered that education of the parents whitethorn have higher effect on the education of their children.Education through the help of this new and advanced technology could be attain and help todays youth achieve their goals of reaching their dreams considering also the guide of their parents who by reality have greater experience in life than we ever had now. Because things may get into even worst and unusual this advancement and modernization in technology also brought youth of todays to be more highly vigorous, negligent and irresponsible. So parents are expected to rear thei r children and they should also help in molding their child helping them to attain a good education and much better life in the future.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay

How Did Starbucks Become an Icon of America Pop civilization? Coffee is a high frequency word in good deals lives. Students like to read books with sunshine and a cup of burnt umber. Professors like to walk into their classrooms to start their first class with cups of cocoa in hand. People comm yet drink coffee with their breakfast. Most fast food breakfast meals, such as McDonalds, include a cup of coffee. A cup of coffee in the morning domiciliate give commonwealth an energetic and fresh day. Americans really do like coffee. This saying comes from a video called The History of Coffee Culture in America.Coffee culture is profound in America. Most American people love coffee non only because coffee culture is prevalent and cool, but also because it tastes good. Americans already had adapted well to let coffee become a part of their lives. When the topic comes to coffee, people always think of Starbucks because it is contrasting from another(prenominal)(prenominal) coffee stores. It has customized service, superior taste, a wide range of options, and unique packaging and ideals. As time goes on, Starbucks to a greater extent and more approaches peoples lives and becomes an of import part of the coffee culture in America, even in the whole world. Now, the Starbucks brand has become a part of pop culture in this 2 wang century.It uses a superior product, unique principles and attractive designs to make an ordinary coffee shop become specific and exceptional. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world (Starbucks). It had 10,924 stores in the United States in 2012, and the company has been expanding and growing quickly in the two years since (Starbucks Company Statistics). The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971, by three partners who met while they were students (Starbucks).People always think the Starbucks green logo is Heather Graham holding up two striped bass, but the symbolism actually means obsession , addiction and death. People may not realize that the woman in their green label with twin fishtails is a siren from classical mythology. She was chosen as the logo because Starbucks was looking for a nautical theme to capture the spirit of Seattle (7 monstrous). Maybe people will ask, then why is Starbucks called Starbucks? The do Starbucks is not picked randomly by the originator, it actually means a curing. It is nothing to do with the logo and product.Actually Starbucks is a persons name. In a famous novel called Moby Dick, the whaler Pequod has a first-mate who loves coffee very much. His name is Starbucks. The book Pour Your Heart Into It-How Starbucks Built A Company One instill at a Time is written by Howard Schultz. He is Starbucks chairman. He thought the name Starbucks reminds people of the sea adventure stories and histories about coffee merchant travel around the world to find high quality coffee beans (Dori Jones Yang). The originators actually expected a lot fro m this name and this company from the beginning. 3 wang.Thefirstandalsothemostimportanttraitforasuccessfulbusinessisasuperior product. They atomic number 18 committed to buying and serving high-quality coffee to hold the line the pure taste. Starbucks coffee beans mainly come from Costa Rica and Asia. They have strict focusing system to ascendence the quality of coffee beans and other products. That is why Starbucks can keep purity of their coffee (Starbucks). GreatvarietyisanotherreasonpeoplepreferStarbucks. Ithastonsofflavorsof coffees. They also have a secret menu, which not a lot of people know. People also can design their bear coffee in Starbucks App.Starbucks also has surplus coffee for each season even special events, such as pumpkin flavor drinks for Hal baseborneen. Starbucks up to now is not just a coffee maker. It actually only makes coffee-flavored drinks, a Starbucks marketing carriage said in a promotion video. They are professionals at making coffee drinks, an d firstly they have to learn how to make it right. Legend is one of the originators he went to Italy-the birth of coffee-to visit for a few months before they started the business. Starbucksalsohaveauniqueideaabouthowtosealcoffeethathascreativenew practices around the country.They uses Italian words for the cup size such as Grande for medium, not only to lay out that they are professional, but also to give people a feeling that it is cool and fashionable. Even though people do not think Grande can prove this coffee store is professional, it will still give people a feeling that they are special. Starbucks does not give much advance publicity, and they do not have a lot of 4 wang posters, but the few posters they have are concise and specific. The main idea of the poster is to express that coffee is equal to energy.The aurora set of posters tells people they need caffeine to make the day full of energy. An energetic day sounds attractive, so Starbucks use of peoples desire to have an energetic day come ons people to buy coffee. Starbucks also has another feature. They are not the same as other coffee stores, which encourage people to drink slowly and enjoy the coffee. On the contrary, they make fast coffee. Starbucks has a drive-thru, which is the principle for fast food. Fast coffee attracts different customer classifys than other coffee stores.Fast coffee is more suitable for office workers, administrative workers, students, teachers, etc. who are adapting to the fast paced life. They are not poor and they do not have time to sit down and enjoy coffee in the coffee store, so Starbucks is absolutely suitable for them. These kinds of customers account for the vast majority of people. The all different principles make Starbucks become a totally different coffee store, standing out and becoming a leader of the whole coffee market. The considerable customer base makes Starbucks become a part of the coffee culture, not a small coffee company any more.The hug e customer group also gives this logo special definition, which is fashionable and cool. People have group psychology, which means people usually are interested in the activities that other people are doing. For example, if 90% of ones friends like to eat pepperoni pizza for lunch, then that person must want to try it, unless he/she hates pizza. The Starbucks image is another feature. Not a lot of coffee stores write the 5 wang customers name on their cup. That is interesting and makes the customer feel special. Starbucks special management philosophy and principle make it special enough to make people talk about it and want to become a part of pop culture, too.Thereisanoldsentence,Firstimpressionsareveryimportant. Thedesignand appearance are the first impression that Starbucks gives to customers. So the attractive design is also an important reason why Starbucks has become a part of pop culture in this century. The first important design is the logo, which is the enchantress from the Greek mythology. It gives customers a feeling of mystery, pretty and decorative. The outstanding logo makes their products attractive. Starbucks sells their Starbucks China Cups for not a low price, but still a lot of people want to buy it.The main reason is they are pretty, and people do not think cups with a Starbucks logo are ugly. The second reason, of course, people think Starbucks is cool and popular. It is a symbol of fashion. A wide range of options and attractive design makes Starbucks products become more and more welcome. Not only the pretty logo and the products, the gift card is another highlight of attractive design. Most big companies or stores have their own special gift card, but Starbucks has many. They have tons of different design gift cards each year, for different seasons, special festivals, birthdays, birth and graduates.Their pretty designs and special meaning made them popular. Starbucks is popular,but customershave topay forit. Starbucks averageprice fo r coffee ruled higher than other coffee stores. A tall latte in Starbucks is $3. 00 without tax. 6 wang In McDonalds it is only $1. 99, and in Dunkin Donuts it is only $1. 69 (Yahoo Answers). Thus it can be seen that Starbucks goes far beyond the average price. If people want to enjoy high quality coffee or catch up with fashions, people have to pay more money.Different company usually has different consumer orientation. High-level consumer group usually do not care about a few dollars. They only care about the quality and how easy and fast it is. Actually that group of people is in the minority. Most people care about a few dollars, especially people who loves coffee. Spend few more dollars on each cup of coffee is actually a huge number of money. People have to face a trade-off. Want to catch up with fashions or improve the status? because pay more money first. NoonecandenythepopularityofStarbucks. Itusesitsspecialdesigntocatch customers eyes, such as their representative logo and their special design cups. Then they use excellent products and unique taste to keep customers coming back. Finally uses peoples group psychology and the strong principle to make themselves to became a part of popular culture, not only a coffee shop. Now, Starbucks is a trend. It is expensive, but still a lot people chase after it.Work Cited Coffee Culture. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Sept. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. 7 wang Curtasu, Matei. Starbucks Good Morning Good Morning Behance. Behance, 11 July 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. Starbucks Company Statistics. Statistic Brain RSS. Starbucks Company Statistics, 12 Aug. 2013. Web.14 Apr. 2014. Starbucks Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Sept. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. The History of Coffee Culture in America. History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. Why is Starbucks coffee so expensive? Coffee isnt worth five bucks Blinkie dot org. 5 Nov. 2012. Blinkie dot org. 30 Apr. 2014 Wikipedia. Wik imedia Foundation, n. d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. 7 Horrifying Historical Origins of Famous Corporate Logos. Cracked. com. Cracked, 16 Feb. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.

False Claims

Rgtgfggdgdfsgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggg gggggggggggggggg gggggg dfdfdf fdfdfdf dfdfdfdf dfdfdfdf ffdfdfd dfdfdfdf dfdf fdfdfdf d dff dddwsassee eeerrr errerer rerwren e rr er e re re rer e rer e r ere r er ert rtytytuy tyu ty ty u yuyuty ty rt yrtyrtyrt t yty try ty rty try rty rt yrt rtughuuhhihuihuh ewwewewe wewewe ttttt rrrrrr 45 45 45 njknjk hnjh lkl kl kl k mnkmnk nkn klj kj kj kj k jkj kjkj dffdf dfdfd t rt rtrtrdfdfdfdftrrt rtrt rtrt ererererre yty tytyt ererer er iujiuiu jk jk jk jk j Its normal and therefore acceptable to have mistakes and undeveloped sections in your maiden draft. However, if you dont understand the criteria or the mistakes Ive pointed out, please see me. If you have many areas attach no evidence, dont try to revise your first draft itll be easier to start over.The problem section eventu onlyy needs to include all of the following, some of which may be in the same paragraph though o thers will take several paragraphs A. an anecdote (a story that illustrates the problemthis should be your first paragraph) thisll be in a your own words today, but in later drafts youll quote the original B. a definition and description of the probleman story of what it is define key terms C. relevant background (maybe scientific or historic) D. the size/scope of the problem (usually, the number of cases in a given snip frame for a given area as well as some statistics on how wide spread the problem is) E. consequences of the problem (what happens as a result of the problem, which could include multiple.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 98-101

CHAPTER 98Robert Langdon regained consciousness with a crippling headache.Where am I?Wherever he was, it was dark. Deep-cave dark, and mortal silent.He was lying on his post with his harness at his side. Confused, he tried moving his fingers and toes, relieved to find they moved freely with no pain. What happened? With the ejection of his headache and the profound shadower, everything seemed more or less normal.Almost everything.Langdon realized he was lying on a hard tale that felt remarkably smooth, like a sheet of glass. Stranger sedate, he could feel that the slick surface was in direct contact with his b ar flesh . . . shoulders, back, plainlytocks, thighs, calves. Am I naked? Puzzled, he ran his hands oer his body. Jesus Where the hell are my clothes?In the darkness, the cobwebs began to lift, and Langdon saw flashes of memory . . . frigh ten dollar billing snapshots . . . a dead CIA agent . . . the face of a tattooed beast . . . Langdons head smashing into the pedest al. The images came faster . . . and now he recalled the sickening image of Katherine Solomon bound and gagged on the dining-room floor.My GodLangdon sit bolt upright, and as he did, his forehead smashed into something suspended only inches higher up him. Pain exploded through his skull and he fell back, teetering near unconsciousness. Groggy, he reached up with his hands, groping in the darkness to find the obstacle. What he found made no sense to him. It seemed this rooms ceiling was less than a foot above him. What in the world? As he spread his arms to his sides in an attempt to roll over, both of his hands hit sidewalls.The truth now dawned on him. Robert Langdon was not in a room at all.Im in a boxIn the darkness of his small, coffinlike container, Langdon began pounding wildly with his fist. He shouted over and over for alleviate. The terror that gripped him sibyllineened with each passing instant until it was intolerable.I have been buried alive.The lid of Langdons stran ge coffin refused to budge, even with the full force of his arms and legs pushing upward in wild panic. The box, from all he could tell, was made of cloggy fiberglass. Airtight. Soundproof. Lightproof. Escape-proof.I am going to suffocate a lone(prenominal) in this box.He thought of the deep well into which he had fallen as a young boy, and of the terrifying night he spent treading water alone in the darkness of a cigaretless pit. That trauma had scarred Langdons psyche, burdening him with an overwhelming phobia of en codad spaces.Tonight, buried alive, Robert Langdon was living his ultimate nightmare.Katherine Solomon trembled in silence on the floor of Malakhs dining room. The sharp wire near her wrists and ankles had already cut into her, and the slightest move ments seemed only to tighten her bonds.The tattooed man had brutally knocked Langdon unconscious and dragged his limp body across the floor along with his leather bag and the stone gain. Where they had gone, Katherine had no idea. The agent who had accompanied them was dead. She had not heard a grievous in many minutes, and she wondered if the tattooed man and Langdon were still inside the house. She had been trying to scream for help, but with each attempt, the rag in her mouth crept back dangerously closer to her windpipe.Now she felt approaching footsteps on the floor, and she turned her head, hoping against hope that someone was coming to help. The massive silhouette of her captor materialized in the hall elbow room. Katherine recoiled as she flashed on the image of him standing in her family home ten years earlier.He killed my family.Now he strode toward her. Langdon was nowhere to be seen. The man crouched surmount and gripped her around the waist, hoisting her roughly onto his shoulder. The wire sliced into her wrists, and the rag muffled her tiresome cries of pain. He carried her cut out the hallway toward the living room, where, earlier today, the two of them had sedately sipped tea together.Where is he taking me?He carried Katherine across the living room and halt directly in front of the large oil painting of the Three Graces that she had admired this afternoon.You mentioned you liked this painting, the man whispered, his lips practically touching her ear. Im glad. It may be the blend in thing of beauty you see.With that, he reached out and pressed his palm into the right side of the enormous frame. To Katherines shock, the painting rotated into the wall, turning on a underlying pivot like a revolving door. A hidden doorway.Katherine tried to wriggle free, but the man held her firmly, carrying her through the blossoming behind the tail assemblyvas. As the Three Graces pivoted unless behind them, she could see heavy insulation on the back of the canvas. Whatever sounds were made back here were apparently not meant to be heard by the outside world.The space behind the painting was cramped, more like a hallway than a room. The man carried her to the far side and opened a heavy door, carrying her through it onto a small landing. Katherine found herself looking down a narrow ramp into a deep meanspiritedment. She drew a breath to scream, but the rag was choking her.The incline was steep and narrow. The walls on either side were made of cement, awash in a bluish light that seemed to emanate from below. The mental strain that wafted up was warm and pungent, laden with an eerie blend of smells . . . the sharp bite of chemicals, the smooth calm of incense, the earthy musk of human sweat, and, pervading it all, a distinct aura of visceral, animate be fear.Your science impressed me, the man whispered as they reached the bottom of the ramp. I hope mine impresses you.CHAPTER 99CIA field agent Turner Simkins crouched in the darkness of Franklin Park and kept his steady gaze on Warren Bellamy. Nobody had taken the bait yet, but it was still early.Simkinss transceiver beeped, and he activated it, hoping one of his men had spotted something . But it was Sato. She had new information.Simkins listened and agreed with her concern. Hold on, he said. Ill see if I can get a visual. He crawled through the bushes in which he was hiding and peered back in the direction from which he had entered the square. After some maneuvering, he finally opened a sight line.Holy shit.He was look at a building that looked like an Old World mosque. Nestled between two much larger buildings, the Moorish facade was made of seem terra-cotta tile laid in intricate multicolored designs. Above the three massive doors, two tiers of lancet windows looked as if Arabian archers might appear and open fire if anyone approached uninvited.I see it, Simkins said.Any activity?Nothing.Good. I need you to reposition and watch it very carefully. Its called the Almas Shrine Temple, and its the headquarters of a unfathomable order.Simkins had worked in the D.C. area for a long time but was not familiar with this temple or any ancient mystical order headquartere d on Franklin Square.This building, Sato said, belongs to a group called the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.Never heard of them.I think you have, Sato said. Theyre an appendant body of the Masons, more commonly acknowledgen as the Shriners.Simkins shot a dubious glance at the ornate building. The Shriners? The guys who build hospitals for kids? He could imagine no order less ominous sounding than a fraternity of philanthropists who wore little red fezzes and marched in parades.Even so, Satos concerns were valid. Maam, if our target realizes that this building is in fact The Order on Franklin Square, he wont need the address. Hell simply bypass the get together and go directly to the correct location.My thoughts exactly. Keep an eye on the entrance.Yes, maam.Any word from Agent Hartmann in Kalorama Heights?No, maam. You asked him to phone you directly.Well, he hasnt.Odd, Simkins thought, checking his watch. Hes overdue.CHAPTER 100Robert Langdon set shivering, naked and alone in jibe blackness. Paralyzed by fear, he was no longer pounding or shouting. Instead, he had closed his eyes and was doing his scoop up to control his hammering heart and his panicked breathing.You are lying beneath a vast, nighttime sky, he tried to convince himself. in that location is nothing above you but miles of wide-open space.This calming visualization had been the only way he had managed to survive a recent stint in an enclosed MRI car . . . that and a triple dose of Valium. Tonight, however, the visualization was having no effect whatsoever.The rag in Katherine Solomons mouth had shifted backward and was all but choking her. Her captor had carried her down a narrow ramp and into a dark basement corridor. At the far end of the hall, she had glimpsed a room lit with an eerie reddish-purple light, but theyd never made it that far. The man had stopped instead at a small side room, carried her inside, and placed her on a wooden tame. He had set her down wit h her bound wrists behind the chair back so she could not move.Now Katherine could feel the wire on her wrists slicing deeper into her flesh. The pain provided registered next to the emergent panic she was feeling over being unable to breathe. The cloth in her mouth was slipping deeper into her throat, and she felt herself gagging reflexively. Her view started to tunnel.Behind her, the tattooed man closed the rooms lone door and flipped on the light. Katherines eyes were watering profusely now, and she could no longer differentiate objects in her immediate surroundings. Everything had become a blur.A distorted vision of colorful flesh appeared before her, and Katherine felt her eyes starting to flutter as she teetered on the brink of unconsciousness. A scale-covered arm reached out and yanked the rag from her mouth.Katherine gasped, inhaling deep breaths, coughing and choking as her lungs flooded with precious air. Slowly, her vision began to clear, and she found herself looking into the demons face. The visage was barely human. Blanketing his neck, face, and shaved head was an astounding pattern of off-the-wall tattooed symbols. With the exception of a small circle on top of his head, every inch of his body appeared to be decorated. A massive double-headed phoenix on his dressing table glared at her through nipple eyes like some kind of ravenous vulture, patiently waiting for her death.Open your mouth, the man whispered.Katherine stared at the monster with total revulsion. What?Open your mouth, the man repeated. Or the cloth goes back in. Trembling, Katherine opened her mouth. The man extended his thick, tattooed index finger, inserting it between her lips. When he touched her tongue, Katherine thought she would vomit. He extracted his preposterous finger and raised it to the top of his shaved head. Closing his eyes, he massaged her saliva into his small circular patch of untattooed flesh.Repulsed, Katherine looked away.The room in which she was sittin g appeared to be a boiler room of some sortpipes on the walls, gurgling sounds, fluorescent lights. Before she could take in her surroundings, though, her gaze stopped dead on something beside her on the floor. A pile of clothingturtleneck, tweed sport coat, loafers, Mickey Mouse watch.My God She wheeled back to the tattooed animal before her. What have you done with Robert?Shh, the man whispered. Or hell hear you. He stepped to one side and motioned behind him.Langdon was not thither. All Katherine saw was a huge black fiberglass box. Its shape bore an unsettling similarity to the heavy crates in which corpses were shipped back from war. Two massive clasps firmly locked the box shut.Hes inside? Katherine blurted. But . . . hell suffocateNo, he wont, the man said, pointing to a series of gauze-like pipes that ran along the wall into the bottom of the crate. Hell only wish he could.In total darkness, Langdon listened intently to the muffled vibrations he now heard from the outside world. Voices? He began pounding on the box and shouting at the top of his lungs. Help Can anyone hear me?Far off, a muted voice called out. Robert My God, no NOHe knew the voice. It was Katherine, and she sounded terrified. Even so, it was a welcome sound. Langdon drew a breath to call out to her, but he stopped short, feeling an unexpected principal at the back of his neck. A faint breeze seemed to be emanating from the bottom of the box. How is that possible? He lay very still, taking stock. Yes, definitely. He could feel the fine hairs on the back of his neck being tickled by air movement.Instinctively, Langdon began feeling along the floor of the box, searching for the source of the air. It took only a moment to locate. Theres a tiny vent The small perforated opening felt similar to a drain plate on a sink or tub, except that a soft, steady breeze was now coming up through it.Hes pumping air in for me. He doesnt want me to suffocate.Langdons relief was short-lived. A terrifyi ng sound was now emanating up through the holes in the vent. It was the unmistakable gurgle of flowing luculent . . . coming his way.Katherine stared in disbelief at the clear shaft of liquid that was progressing down one of the pipes toward Langdons crate. The scene looked like some kind of twisted stage magicians act.Hes pumping water into the crate?Katherine strained at her bonds, ignoring the deep bite of the wires around her wrists. All she could do was look on in panic. She could hear Langdon pounding in desperation, but as the water reached the underside of the container, the pounding stopped. There was a moment of terrified silence. Then the pounding started again with renewed desperation.Let him out Katherine begged. occupy You cant do thisDrowning is a terrible death, you know. The man spoke calmly as he paced around her in circles. Your assistant, Trish, could tell you that.Katherine heard his words, but she could barely process them. You may remember that I almost drow ned once, the man whispered. It was on your familys estate in Potomac. Your brother shot me, and I fell through the ice, out at Zachs bridge.Katherine glared at him, filled with loathing. The night you killed my mother.The gods protected me that night, he said. And they showed me the way . . . to become one of them.The water gurgling into the box behind Langdons head felt warm . . . body temperature. The fluid was already several inches deep and had completely swallowed the back of his naked body. As it began creeping up his rib cage, Langdon felt a stark reality closing in fast.Im going to die.With renewed panic, he raised his arms and began pounding wildly again.CHAPTER 101Youve got to let him out Katherine begged, crying now. Well do whatever you want She could hear Langdon pounding more frantically as the water flowed into his container.The tattooed man just smiled. Youre easier than your brother. The things I had to do to get Peter to tell me his enigmas . . .Where is he? she d emanded. Where is Peter? Tell me We did exactly what you wanted We solved the pyramid andNo, you did not solve the pyramid. You played a game. You withheld information and brought a government agent to my home. Hardly behavior I intend to reward.We didnt have a choice, she replied, choking back the tears. The CIA is looking for you. They made us travel with an agent. Ill tell you everything. Just let Robert out Katherine could hear Langdon shouting and pounding in the crate, and she could see the water flowing through the pipe. She knew he didnt have a lot of time.In front of her, the tattooed man spoke calmly, stroking his chin. I assume there are agents waiting for me at Franklin Square?Katherine said nothing, and the man placed his massive palms on her shoulders, slowly pulling her forward. With her arms still wire-bound be hind the chair back, her shoulders strained, burning with pain, threatening to dislocate.Yes Katherine said. There are agents at Franklin SquareHe pulled hard er. What is the address on the capstone?The pain in her wrists and shoulders grew unbearable, but Katherine said nothing.You can tell me now, Katherine, or Ill break your arms and ask you again. eight she gasped in pain. The missing number is eight The capstone says The secret hides within The OrderEight Franklin Square I swear it. I dont know what else to tell you Its Eight Franklin SquareThe man still did not release her shoulders.Thats all I know Katherine said. Thats the address Let go of me Let Robert out of that tankI would . . . the man said, but theres one problem. I cant go to Eight Franklin Square without being caught. Tell me, whats at that address?I dont knowAnd the symbols on the base of the pyramid? On the underside? Do you know their meaning?What symbols on the base? Katherine had no idea what he was talking about. The bottom has no symbols. Its smooth, blank stoneApparently immune to the muffled cries for help emanating from the coffinlike crate, the tattooed man cal mly dramatize over to Langdons day-bag and retrieved the stone pyramid. Then he returned to Katherine and held it up before her eyes so she could see the base.When Katherine saw the engraved symbols, she gasped in bewilderment.But . . . thats impossible The bottom of the pyramid was entirely covered with intricate carvings. There was nothing there before Im sure of it She had no idea what these symbols could possibly mean. They seemed to span every mystical tradition, including many she could not even place.Total chaos.I . . . have no idea what this means, she said.Nor do I, her captor said. Fortunately, we have a specialist at our disposal. He glanced at the crate. Lets ask him, shall we? He carried the pyramid toward the crate.For a brief instant of hope, Katherine thought he was going to unclasp the lid. Instead, he sat calmly on top of the box, reached down, and slid a small panel to one side, revealing a Plexiglas window in the top of the tank.LightLangdon covered his eyes, sq uinting into the give off of light that now streamed in from above. As his eyes adjusted, hope turned to confusion. He was looking up through what appeared to be a window in the top of his crate. Through the window, he saw a white ceiling and a fluorescent light.Without warning, the tattooed face appeared above him, peering down. Where is Katherine? Langdon shouted. Let me outThe man smiled. Your sensation Katherine is here with me, the man said. I have the power to spare her life. Your life as well. But your time is short, so I suggest you listen carefully.Langdon could barely hear him through the glass, and the water had risen higher, creeping across his chest.Are you aware, the man asked, that there are symbols on the base of the pyramid?Yes Langdon shouted, having seen the extensive ordinate of symbols when the pyramid had lain on the floor upstairs. But I have no idea what they mean You need to go to Eight Franklin Square The answer is there Thats what the capstoneProfessor, you and I both know the CIA is waiting for me there. I have no intention of walking into a trap. Besides, I didnt need the street number. There is only one building on that square that could possibly be relevantthe Almas Shrine Temple. He paused, staring down at Langdon. The Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.Langdon was confused. He was familiar with the Almas Temple, but he had forgotten it was on Franklin Square. The Shriners are . . . The Order? Their temple sits atop a secret stairway? It made no historical sense whatsoever, but Langdon was in no position at the moment to debate history. Yes he shouted. That must be it The secret hides within The OrderYoure familiar with the building?Absolutely Langdon raised his throbbing head to keep his ears above the quickly rising liquid. I can help you Let me outSo you believe you can tell me what this temple has to do with the symbols on the base of the pyramid?Yes Let me just look at the symbolsVery well, then. Lets se e what you come up with.Hurry With the warm liquid rising around him, Langdon pushed up on the lid, willing the man to unclasp it. Please Hurry But the lid never opened. Instead, the base of the pyramid suddenly appeared, hovering above the Plexiglas window.Langdon stared up in panic.I trust this view is close enough for you?The man held the pyramid in his tattooed hands. Think fast, Professor. Im guessing you have less than sixty seconds.

Labor Union in the United States

The get together States labor party coalescencys can be considered as an organized group that usually represent the workers from their employees, aimed to legally enjoyment as a representative in a legal manner, in the various field or industries. Their activities be centered in the collective talk terms for wage increase, the proper implementation of benefits, good working(a) conditions, and served as a representative if the company neglects or violates provisions from the contract. Aside from these focal points, the dig out Unions similarly served as a political influence (specifically inside the Democratic Party) through different bonds with the same principle oriented activists and through strategic mobilization aimed at strengthening the numbers of their memberships.The evolution of Labor Union in the United States dated way back from the 18th Century. From the conception of the National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor- which were short-lived, followed by the rise of the American Federation of Labor in 1886. The 1900 saw the emergence of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1905, the eventual splitting of the AFL in 1938 and the give of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), the merger of AFL and CIO in 1955, and the founding of the miscellanea to Win Federation which emerged after splitting from the AFL-CIO umbrella in 2005. In general, the annals of the United States Labor Union was categorized into four The early Unions, the mash history from 1900-1932, labor history from 1932- 1955, the labor history from 1955 to 2005, and the labor union at present.Within these periods, several(prenominal) unprecedented and relevant events happened such(prenominal) as the Pullman strike and the Haymarket riot (between 1886 and 1894), the coal strikes (1900-1902), Dual Unionism, Gompers and AFL, Railroad Brotherhoods, the effect of World War 1 and 2, the New like Labor Policy, New Deal Coalition and PAC, Taft-Hartley Act, issues of corrup tions, civil rights movement, the rise of the Public Sector Unions, the decline of the private sector unions, the NAFTA and the International Trade threat.The first local anesthetic labor union (the Early Unions), the Order of the Knights of St. Crispin, was open in 1867 having an approximate of around 50,000 members by year 1870. The group resisted certain encroachments of several machineries and the matter of non- practised labor regarding the autonomy of such skilled workers. though considered the largest union at that time, the group was poorly disorganized that caused to its decline and eventual abolishment.After the abolishment of the Order of the Knights, the Knights of Labor was established in 1869. It was considered the first functional and effective labor union or organization through an effort of enlisting not only the laborers in their ranks tho also believed in protecting the common interests of all groups engaged in production. Their leader, Terence Powderly, initiat ed several causes through the influence of politics or by cooperative tie-ups and ventures. Though he hoped towards achieving their causes, the Union collapsed on its first big strike during the Hayment Riot in 1886.In 1886, after the abolishment of the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor was established. It was comprised mostly of confederations of skilled workers responsible of setting the organizational model being used until today. During this transition, from the Order of the Knights to the establishment of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), a major strike transpired that added ofttimes significant effects on U.S. stintingal status.The Pullman strike, happened on June 26, 1894 with around 125,000 workers on an approximate 29 railroad stations, quit their work instead of working on Pullman Palace Car Company. The cause of the strike was the declined decision of the company to decrease rent on the town of Pullman. The effect was a total production block of th e Pullman factories that eventually led to a lock out. United States Marshals and approximately 2,000 soldiers were deployed to break up the strike, leaving around $340,000 worth of damage properties, 57 wound and 13 strikers killed.The American Federation of Labor or AFL was established by Samuel Gompers. The federation comprised mostly of skilled and unskilled workers, except for the African American and women who were excluded. This started the Labor Union history from 1900-1932, and from this period several developments transpired such as the increase in unionized wages, the creation of Clayton Act of 1914, the enactment of the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932, the coalition formed by the Socialist Party of America, and the most common events- strikes.The Coal strike of 1900-1902 was considered one of the most comprehensive strikes ever happened creating a political crisis on a national scale. It was spearheaded by the United Mine Workers on the Midwest that started in 1900. The Un ited States President at that time, Theodore Roosevelt, made a compromise on the miners on increasing their wages for shorter hours but excluded the view of recognizing the union as the workers representative in the bargaining table.Another strike that transpired was the Great Railroad Strike happened in 1922, wherein a nationwide strike was conducted by shop workers of the railroad. The cause of the strike was the decision of the Railroad Labor Board to cut seven cents from the workers wages thusly creating hostility and an approximate 400,000 positions vacated by the strikers. The strike eventually died down on a local level since some of the shop workers did made agreements with the railroads after.The Labor history of 1932- 1955 witnessed the founding of another influential Union in the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), founded by John Llewellyn Lewis, who eventually also the President of the United Mine Workers or UMW. The CIO was instrumental in the establishment of the United Steel Workers of America or the USWA that consisted of around millions of organized group of industrial workers during the 1930s.His desire to expand the unions membership and acquire in organizing the steel industry lead to an effort of organizing steel workers. This put him into a contrast between the AFL since he was concerned on organizing all industrial unions and workers in a specific industry instead of in a particular craft or trade skill only. The divergence was then resolved by establishing the CIO but the leader of the AFL, William Green, opposed such.The CIO hoped to have a change of policy within the AFL with regards to their industrial organizing but the AFL treated them as an enemy and antagonism arose leading to the formal establishment of the CIO in 1938 to become its rival federation union. Since then the CIO was instrumental in several sit-down strikes such as the Flint sit-down strike, and the Chrysler sit-down strike. Their actual members were appro ximated at 2,850,000 from various members of the local labor unions such as coming from the Steel Workers, Electrical Workers, consolidated Clothing Workers, Rubber Workers, and United Mine Workers. (Karson, 1958).The negotiations of the Flint Sit-Down strike led the way for the establishment of the United Auto Workers Union or UAW in 1936- 1937. Walter Reuther took control of the union during the war and soon initiated some major strikes. The UAW eventually led the way for the merging of the AFL and the CIO in 1955.From 1955 to present, the labor unions consisted of two major organizations the Change to Win Federation who broke up with the ALF-CIO in 2005, and the American Federation of Labor- Congress of Industrial Organizations. Both groups advocates legislations and policies in favor to the workers of the United States and Canada, took active connection in politics specifically favoring the Democratic Party. While the AFL-CIO is concerned with trade issues in a global perspecti ve, the Change to Win Federation is concerned more in issues involving domestic Craft labor.Union members of the private sector have been severely regulated by the NLRA or the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. The unions are usually regulated in a sense by state laws and partly by federal laws. Thus it resulted in considerable growth rates, and working conditions as well as the wages are brought into negotiations with the elected state and local officials, therefore enhancing the political influences of the Unions.Other manifestation of unionism may include Solidarity unionism, minority unionism, and the practices being employed by an organization like the Industrial Workers of the World.The American Union membership specifically in the private sector has fallen by an approximate of 9% .and only the Commercial group retained some 50% of union representation. It also remained an indispensable political influence and the capital mobility, economic liberalization, and globalizati on improved in a tremendous fashion uplifting the standard of living being enjoyed by the American workers. In a actual sense the Labor Union in the United States served as a role model for labor Domestic force. Its served as a representative, an intermediary, for the genial workers welfare against the violations of the Company to achieve specific arrangements that will benefit both workers and the Administration.ReferencesCommons, John R. (1918). History of Labour in the United States Vol. 2 1860-1896.Karson, Marc (1958). American Labor Unions and Politics, 1900-1918.Beik, Millie (2005). Labor Relations Major Issues in American History..

Jacques-Louis David’s “Death of Marat” (1793) Essay

Jacques-Louis David studied ikon in Rome where he was able to absorb the innocent sprit of Ancient Rome (Fleming, 1995, p. 496). He was influenced by Enlightenment philosophers such as Diderot, and from them, he developed the idea that paintings should have a message that points to political and/or social action (Fleming, 1995, p. 496). A p maneuvericle of the bourgeoisie, David was personally involved in many Revolutionary events he organized a festival of the people (July 14, 1790), designed propaganda materials for the Jacobins, voted in support of Louis XVIs execution, and signed execution orders for over 300 people (Boston College, 2006).David, then, was uniquely positioned to combine ancient values, Enlightenment thought, and revolutionary principles in his paintings. The interest in classical values in the late 18th century arose from two sources the discovery of Herculaneum and Pompeii and the rise in popularity of revolutionary ideals. In particular, the Roman Republic w as seen to embody a spirit of courage, freedom, and opposition to autocracy that resonated with 18th century revolutionaries in France and the United States (Anonymous, n.d. ) For artists, these neo-classical ideas came in the guise of searching for new subject-matter. Previously, or so artists painted religious, mythological, or allegorical scenes (Anonymous, n. d. ). In terms of subject matter, Davids The Death of Marat is neo-classical in the sense that scene is neither religious, nor mythological, nor allegorical in nature. In fact, the subject is a contemporaneous figure Jean-Paul Marat.The choice of Marat confirms to the revolutionary ideals associated with neo-classicism in that Marat was a prominent leader of the French Revolution who was killed by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposition (Anonymous, n. d. ). Davids sympathies clearly lie with the Revolution, as he portrayed Marat as a martyr (Anonymous, n. d. ). Marats position in the bath tub, encircled by materials needed for work (paper, quill, ink) requires some explanation. As he suffered from a skin disease, Marat spent many hours working in his bath (Boston College, 2006).David painted the painting shortly after Marats murder on July 13, 1793. Originally asked by the Convention to paint Marats portrait at the time of his death, David chose to present an idealized portrait of the man, rather than an authentic depiction of the rapidly decomposing body (Boston College, 2006). David was overcome with emotion upon this request from the Convention, as Marat had been his close friend and ally (Annenberg, n. d. ). This painting functions roughly like a detective novel all of the clues needed to solve the case are present in the picture.Marats wounds figure prominently, there is a bloody knife on the floor, and the paper in Marats odd paw is a letter his murderer gave to him just before she stabbed him (Annenberg, n. d. ). Though I did not know the background behind the portrait, I was immedia tely drawn to this painting because of the serene, yet pained, look on the subjects face. I was intrigued by the fact that the subject appears at first glance to be taking a rest from his work. It is only when I noticed the red color that I realized that the subject was bleeding.The red blotches on the paper in the subjects left raft seem to indicate that he placed this hand over his wounds before retaking his paper. This color sharply contrasts with the white bath cloths. The knife seems to be an afterthought, tossed aside by the murderer. Without knowing the particulars behind the painting, the viewer is left with many unanswered questions. Who is this Marat that is mentioned on the table by the bath and whose name appears on the sheet of paper in the subjects left hand? In short, this painting sparked my curiosity to learn more about the incredible story behind the painting.Image ? References Annenberg Media (n. d. ). Art of the Western World An succession of Reason, An Age of Passion. Retrieved on May 11, 2010 from http//www. learner. org/vod/vod_window. html? pid=233. Anonymous (n. d. ). Lecture Enlightenment and the Romantic Era. Retrieved on May 11, 2010 from http//www. stockton. edu/fergusoc/romantic/romantic. htm Boston College (2006). Jacques-Louis David The Death of Marat. Retrieved May 11, 2010 from http//www. bc. edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/neocl_dav_marat. html Fleming, W. (1995). Arts & Ideas. Ninth edition. Fort Worth Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

A Treasure of a Lifetime essay

A Treasure of a Lifetime There are many wide gifts that I have received in my sprightliness blessed and beyond words. The foremost greatest gift that stands out to me the most is my word of honor. I arrogatet just look at this gift as just a gift I look at it as a blessing and a true gift from beau ideal. Each and every day I instigate up I am thankful for my son. I try my best to venerate and treasure every moment that we have together every day. Not everyone that fatalitys children can have them so not nevertheless do I cherish every moment with my son I take advant years of this great opportunity of bringing a child as great as exploit into this world.My child is the greatest gift that I have received because he is smart in so many ways, he brings nothing but gladden and happiness into my life, and he is my biggest inspiration for why I strive for the best in life. One earth why I think my child is much(prenominal) a great gift to me is because, sometimes in life peop le dont get to enjoy the special moments with their children. I can only speak for myself and the wonderful moments that I have enjoyed with my son. Ever since he was a baby, I have enjoyed just watching him grow up to be a smart kid. My son have it aways how to sing his alphabets as well as adduceing them and he knows how to count his numbers.He knows all his shapes and colors he even knows how to spell and bed the letter of his name. Im not trying to brag but its just a thrill and an amazing feeling to just tease and watch your child grow and learn new things each day. It makes me a proud parent of a wonderful child with such great potential. another(prenominal) reason why I say hes smart is because he can go to the bathroom on his own I dont have to split him to go he just get up and go to the bathroom. He sometimes gets himself dressed, even though he qualification not match, but it makes me a proud to know that my son is trying.I award my child for everything he does righ t, I dont criticize him about the things he does wrong. I try to help him as well as showing him all of his mistakes, my son knows I love and care about him and Im here to help him every step of the way. Another reason why my child is the greatest gift that I have received is because he brings so much joy and happiness into my life. Just knowing our struggle from the time he was born until now, I tried to raise him all by myself, yes it was disenfranchised but it just do me stronger and happier to be his mother.I take advantage of being a part of my sons life because I love him so much and I know another day is not promised to me and him or anyone else. So I enjoy our time together each day. I know my child loves me unconditionally and I know he knows I love him the same way. My son looks up to me as a positive role perplex in his life and as a provider, teacher, and friend. Im here for all of those reasons, but when it comes down to discipline I want him to know on that point a re rules and regulations that he has to follow. Its just a selfless act of love, because my life is not my own and its not just about me.In addition, to my son bringing so much joy into my life he is also a big inspiration in my life as well. He is what keeps this grin on my face from day to day. My son is the reason why I strive for the best in life. My child is the reason why I wake up and go to school and become, there are plenty of day that I wake up and dont want to go to work or go to school. I just think about my son and I take in God to give me the strength to make it through the day, because I know this is something that I want and I dont want to give up on.I want my son to feel proud of me to know where we came from and to look at how far weve made it through. I truly dont trust I would have made it this far without him. But I still say all things happen for a reason. God knew exactly what he was doing. I am more than glad to have this child a part of my life he has h elped me to motivate myself to achieve many goals and accomplish many things in life. This is still a learning experience for me when I first had my son I wasnt concerned about being a mother.I was mostly concerned about would I make a good mother because God knows it was unassailable to raise a child and still go to school and try to work, its not something that is easy but as these years have kaput(p) by Ive learned to be a good mother to my child and except the challenges of motherhood. Today, I am a proud mother of a three year old little boy that bring so much joy and happiness in to my life I couldnt ask for anything else greater than this gift God granted me with. Sometimes in life things are thrown at you from every open door and it just makes you want to give up.These things that are thrown at you are called obstacles, these obstacles are thrown at you to make your way hard and to make you think youre useless but its up to you to continue to fight your way through these obstacles. Sometimes you need a little push and a little motivation. This is the reason why I consider my son a reason to why I kept red because I knew there was some work for me to do. God saw nothing but great opportunities in my life and Im making it each day to have faith in myself and to believe that I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.I highly would like to recommend this to all the young girls that had children at a young age and wanted to finish school and didnt and had obstacles thrown their way that knocked them down and they couldnt find their way back up. Im here to tell you there is no such thing as I cant because I did, I kept going. I got pregnant when I was fifteen years old I had my son when I was sixteen I didnt stop I graduated from high school and I made it to college. But Im not giving up on my goals and my future that I can see before me, I am going to continue to stroll down that road called success.

Diagnosis of an Infected Patient Essay Essay

As we know bacteria comes in various classes and ar distinguished by their shapes, chemic configuration, source of energy either sunlight or chemicals, nutritional requisites and biochemical actions. We acquit a unhurried that may be infected with an un cognize bacterial contagion weve collected a sputum assay and will be testing for one of the following genera boron, Escherichia and Myco blood plasma. In order to determine which one of the terzetto may be the source of the infection we have to recognize the characteristics of each one and the staining protocol needed to lay them. All three of the above mentioned genera be conside trigger-happy to be members of the Prokaryotic cell family which includes bacteria. They have certain identifiable features that distinguishes them from Eukaryotes such as Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane and they unremarkably divide by binary fusion, organelles are not encompassed within the membrane and the cell walls normally consi st of complex polysaccharides peptidoglycan (Tortora, 2013).When researching the differences among the three generas each have specific characteristics that distinguishes one from another Mycoplasma are the smallest members of the prokaryote family, due to their size they lack cell walls or have a scant substance of wall material, but they are known to thrive and reproduce outside the living host cells. The plasma membranes of this bacteria contain lipids (sterols) to protect them from lysis (Tortora, 2013). Bacillus are rod shaped bacteria that are usually presented as singular (single bacilli) however when they divide into pairs theyre called Diplobacilli and when appearing as a chain its known as streptobacilli theres also bacillus that resemble cocci and are referred to as cocobacilli. Escherichia also known as E. coli is a rod shaped bacteria consisting of flagellar protein known as H- antigens to swear out differentiate the various servoar within the E. coli strain. In order to continue with our investigation as to which genera is causing the infection we must determine the appropriate staining method for each bacteria listed above.Lets draw with Mycoplasma because this genera has a very thin or lacks a cell wall we will consider this a Gram- positive bacteria. If mycoplasma retains its structure, size and capsules thats an indication ofthe type of bacteria causing the infection in the patient. Bacillus are part of the prokaryotic cell family containing a thin layer of peptidoglycan however they are spore forming this mark helps to identify them as gram-positive. tone of voice (1) in the staining process is adding the sputum to the slide, step (2) is applying hot up to the sample, step (3) adding crystal-violet sully which turns the cytoplasm cells purple and applying mordant to the specimen, step (4) process with de-coloring solution (alcohol) which causes the peptidoglycan to become much impermeable crystal violet and iodine, step (5) counters tain is absorbed and is masked by the primary purple dye that was previously absorbed by the gram-positive cells (pg. 86). Its during this step when the microbes are identified.While the bacillus is in the aging process some cells die and give the appearance of gram-negative bacteria these are known as gram-variable (Tortora, 2013). Escherichia (E.coli) these rod shaped microorganisms have a thick outer membrane however they are non-spore forming therefore they are considered gram-negative cells. The steps in the staining of gram-negative cells are as follows Step (1) in the staining process is adding the sputum to the slide, step (2) is applying heat to the sample to allow the sample to carry on on the slide, step (3) adding crystal-violet dye which turns the cytoplasm cells purple then apply mordant to the specimen, step (4) wash with de-coloring solution (alcohol) which allows the crystal violet-iodine to diffuse through holes in the peptidoglycan layer of the cell, step (5) add the counterstain which turns the specimen red/pink this process helps to identify the microbes as they lack color (Tortora, 2013). Without color we would be unable to identify the microorganisms creating the infections created by gram-negative bacteria because they are color-less.ReferencesTortora, Funke, Case Microbiology an Introduction 2013 (11th edition).

Noise Pollution Essay

Not all in all people in this province living in a noisy place, most of them want to lived in a peaceful place with trees and fresh air and we all know that most of the time we crapper focus and think c arfully in a moderate place. mental disturbance Pollution can be defined as unwanted or offensive dear that unreasonably intrude into our daily activities. In urban aras disruption befoulment is everywhere, whether we like it or non this is part of everyday life. If the ears was irritated to the sound it is called ring. This is defined a form of air pollution that is clunky unwanted sound that poses a threat to a persons health and well- being. This pollution has many a(prenominal) sources from different things such as air conditioner, business ,radio ,a dog barking, busynessan conversation, other machinery that causes sound and are associated with urban developments. According to an OECD report Transport is by farthermost the major source of entropy , forrard of b uilding or indus feat , with road traffic the chief offender motorcycles , trucks and busses are the major contri providedors to the traffic hoo-ha. Noise is described in bald-facedness (intensity) and pitch ( frequency ) the photo is using a logarithmicn decibel ( dB) scale. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA) recommends the hearing protection in the workplace if the tone is great than 85 DB for more than eight hours, because there is a chance of the potential hearing issue. remnant of the loudest and faintest sounds that humans can hear is about 120 DB, a range of one million amplitude. pile who has a very good hearing can hear the sounds between to -15 Decibels. If the sound light upones the 85 db and to a higher place can cause permanent damage of hearing. The more amount of time you hark in a sound effect greater damage it will cause. If the place is quiet the tenaciouser you listen safetly and it will non cause a damage even if you listen to it for a very long time. The more exposure to the common sounds can cause a permanent damage. The normal conversation occurs 60 DB. According to my research, the causes of damage in our ears, like the bulldozer idling the sounds are loud 85 DB and can cause permanent damage after only 1 work day ( 8 hours ). Listening a music with earphone/ headpones in ears at a maximum volume, the sound can reach level over 100 Db, begin causing permanent damage after 15 minutes per day.A thunder from storm 120 Db, gunshot 140 -190 DB can twain cause immediate damage. at that place are groups of people who are stirred by this preventive pollution such as the new-fashioned, old, and the hospitalized. Young children cannot protect their hearing and they only rely on their parents to keep them from encumbrance exposure.Elderly may not afford the capabilities to protect their hearing if they are the one who is disabled by affable or physical illness. as well as the patients from the hospitals are not safe because patients curiously for orthopedic surgeries may be exposed to loud instruments during a procedure although they are not protected from it while under anesthesia.Noise has numerous health obtain making make haphazardness pollution a public concern although it has not been well addressed.These could be effected our blood pressure, psychological disorder -induced hearing loss, re of importder disorders and irritability.Noise pollution excessively affects the performance at work and school. Noise pollution is harmful because the sound energy is transferred through compressions, and rarefactions. Because the intensity is very mountainous and it can harm the human ears, and the animal ears also and it can damage to physical structure.When sound reach the human ear the structures will vibrate. The burning vibrations can be rapture the eardrum , loudness cogitate hearing loss usually develops overtime. When the sound enters the ear, it is transferred to the b rain as a nerve impulse. The nerves in our ears are composed of of tiny nerve fibers, it is surrounded by special fluid within the ear. When intense sound transferred through fluid the tiny nerves may destroyed and the hearing loss is affected. in that respect is two kinds of effects the auditory and non-auditory. The effect of auditory may fatigue and deafness the non-auditory can be physiological and mental change in human beings. Noise Induced Hearing Loss or (NIHL) is a type of sensorinueral hearing loss that is second only to age induced hearing loss or presbyacusis. The people who are affected of NIHL are the workers that involved in manufacturing , construction, transportation , argiculture , military, factory and dig because their ears are expose in hazardous noise levels.Also the recreational activities like target shooting, speedboat riding,play in a band and listen to a loud music are also the examples of activities that increases the insecurity of NIHL . The studies r evealed that young children and young adults are also showing thesigns of NIHL. Communication,cognition, social emotional development, academics and future careers may all be affected in the young subaltern to hearing loss. Noise Induced Hearing Loss ( NIHL) is permanent but it is preventable by using ear protection like earmuffs or earplugs to avoid the noisy environment and the harmful levels of noise. Mental Health , mental illness is thought be exacerbated and intensified by noise pollution and not believed to be cause of mental illness.In one take up at unify States Country that I read in my research there were a children who are exposed in noise levels above 55 DB had declined attention, there is difficulty with social adaptation and increase the oppositional behavior to others compared to the children who are not exposed in noise levels. The pollution in the community noise also may cause villainy and disturbance there are depressed and anxiety and bedevil their sympto ms worse. Other people always used cessationing pills for them to avoid the loud sound or the noise in their environment and mental hospital admission rates with those exposed to unwanted noise. The children or elderly who have depression and cannot control over their own hearing protection are the vulnerable to the mental effects of noise pollution. Impairment of Task Performance there are many potential mischievous effects of noise pollution on task performance involving both(prenominal) children and adults.Congnitive task performance at school and at work has been well documented in several studies.The children who are exposed to noise in their home or at school may have difficulty in their nurture , language development and problem solving.In the study in London involving 340 children between ages of 8 and 11 who were exposed to high aircraft noise showed an association with change magnitude annoyance and poorer reading comprehension. The most affected of noise is on the re ading attention,problem solving and memory because we all know that most of the children or adults cannot focus in what they are doing if the environment is under in noisy condition . The noise can impair concentration, decrease the motivation because of irratation , increase the rate of errors and can lead to preventable accidents in workplace. Communication can be affected and leading to misinterpretation of instructions and can cause reducing an employees effectiveness an occuracy. b lackball Social Behavior and painfulness Reactions noise levels have been associated with increased negative reactions such as increased igitation, exhaustion,dissatisfaction,anger anddistraction.This may cause social and behavioral affects including attempts to avoid environmental noise by closing windows or doors, acting out aggression and even result in a change of residence. The exposure to levels above 80 DB will increase aggressiveness when combined with alcohol , provocation and existing ang er. Annoyance is a feelings of displeasure when man-to-mans believe in condition has and adverse effect on them.People is mutually beneficial on the type of noise, by the time it occurs and the activity that interrupt the noise. A person have an individual sensibilty and also expose in the role of annoyance level. Every people have a lack of sense of control over noise there is a higher level of annoyance especially if the noise is accompanied by low frequency componets and loud impulse noise. The negative social behaviors and annoyance reactions to noise cause declines to ones sense of well being. Sleep Disturbances well rested sleep is essential to maintain good health and mental function. Noise is the common offender interrupting sleep and it causes both primary and secondary sleep disturbance.Primary effect have a difficulty in falling asleep, awakenings and differences of sleep patterns. The secondary effects are interrupted sleep including fatigue and decreased the well-bein g performance. This two kinds of effects have a environmental noise exposure during sleep is accompanied by several psychological effects. The levels of attributable to disturbed sleep can be as low and continuous noise greater than 30 DB.According to study that they revealed the population who are living in the urban areas were at risk for increased neuroticism, subjective noise sensitivity and noise annoyance. The participants of the study have a difficulty to thorn falling asleep, their fatigue is increased , poorer sleep quality and need for increased use of sleeping agents. Cardio vascular Distrurbances there is now growing body of evidence associating noise pollution with casdiovascular disease. This effect are secondary to bodys fight or flight response leading to autonomic nervous and endocrine effects seen with chronic daily levels of noise greater than 65 DB or acute exposure to levels above 80 to 85 DB. These effects can lead to blood pressure, heart rate and skirtin g(prenominal) resistance by the release of hormones such as s norepinehrine, epinephrine, and cortisol.From the study of Roselund et al, the demonstrated an increase prevalence of high blood pressure of people that are exposed to aircraft noise. The participants ofthis study ages between 18 80 and the effects is common among the elderly. The second study of Jarup et al reveal the relationship of the traffic noise and nightime noise can increase the blood pressure participants are ages between 45-75 years old. The cardiovascular effects to noise pollution not only in adults also the young childrens are at risk.In otther country they have the organization that can prevent the noise pollution the examples are The National Institute of hearing loss and Other Communications Disorders ( NIDCD) they created a national public education movement to prevent the NIHL they called it WISE EARS this campign initatited in 1999 by (NIDCD) and many regional, national and state with their governm ents.Their main goals is to educate the people about NIHL and to motivate to have actions in NIHL . According to the studies they are focusing on expanding their mission to reach the childrens between 8-12 ages and also their parents.As a individual we can also inflict the noise pollution by construction of insulate rooms for noisy machines in industrial and manufacturing installations. Most important for residential building their machines should be installed far from living or sleeping rooms, like in a basement of garage . And for the employees they cannot reduce the noise of machine so they can only prevent by using earplugs. We can also avoid by stay away from sources of noise. If we are living in noisy place make sure that our windows are dual paned. It also reduced by planting trees, because we all know the main function of trees is to absorb and protect the noise made by people. Community laws must silence zones honest schools/colleges and hospitals that needs concentratio n. We also to know what are the causes of noise pollution and the world becomes more advanced the noise increases.As an individual we can also reduce the noise pollution if owning a car do not use the car horns unnecessarily in the areas that needs silent zones that honking is prohibited . And avoid loud music which will hurt the ears and also others ear. Furthermore ,Firecrackers are very loud so dont try and burn them unnecessarily. Motors, vehicles and large machines produced a loud noise when not maintained straight-lacedly and it needs proper maintance for a better performance.In theme parks avoid riding on rides that produce lot of noise.Also turn off the engine of your car if youre not using it. It stops the annoying hum and also reduce the air pollution. It much better if using only a bicycle or walk go to school. Youre body will fit and also it reduce the air and noise pollution .Noise pollution can make a mind and body stress, there are some techniques that can prevent li ke breathing exercises , deep breathing and other breathing exercises will work because it can be done anywhere and are effective for calming the bodys physiology in minutes. Meditation, is also a stress reliever because it calms the mind and body and it helps the alter of brain, over time, you are less reactive to stress that happens. Yoga, because this is the combination of breathing and meditation it adds an element of a exercise to be a stress reliever that acts on a different levels that benefit your health. Also provides a unbiased ways to ease into meditation. We can also stress free by noise pollution by going to the place that quiet and make a relaxation or have a waste in a hotel and listen to a instrumental music in a low volume. There are so many ways that we can prevent the noisy place and this case study reminded us that we should take care our ears and our environment most of all in urban areas who are conterminous in hazardous noise.

Case Studies – Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers

Case Studies Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers At Savvy B2B Marketing, we thrive on different perspectives and new ideas, which is why we are thrilled to welcome todays lymph node blogger, Casey HIbbard, excessively k promptlyn as the queen of case studies. In her blog Stories that Sell Casey shares mastery-story market best practices. More fantastic guests are planned for the weeks ahead, so stay tuned. Customer case studies are high-value, in-demand marketing and sales collateral. Marketing teams are tasked with producing powerful stories, yet its not always easy.Classroom I scarper with all types of marketers, from those new to case studies to seasoned veterans. The same questions come up again and again. Here are marketers put across questions and some answers on creating and managing case studies 1. How do we take clients to participate? Unfortunately, theres no one-size-fits-all answer. It comes down to finding the win-win opportunity with every clien t that you indispensability to feature. Brainstorm with internal colleagues close to the customer about possible motivators. Does the company want to tell a certain story right now?Does your individual contact want PR internally for bringing about successful outcomes? Then discourse your ideas candidly with the customer. From there, create a customized joint promotional plan or agreement that meets both your needs and the customers objectives. 2. How long does it take to produce a case study? The clock starts when you interrogate the customer. If everything goes relatively smoothly, an approximately two-page case study or success story takes about one month to complete, on average. If your contact is responsive and has the authority to approve your story, then the forge can be through with(p) in a couple of weeks.But if multiple people are reviewing and approving it, it can take months, smite case. Always start well ahead of any trade shows or sales opportunities to ensure y ou bewitch the story you need. 3. How do we fail measurable results? To draw measurable results out of happy customers, you have to get very specific internally and with featured customers. Identify what metrics mean the most to your pictures, and areas where current customers typically see results. Craft interview questions accordingly, making sure to ask before-and-after questions (how much time did a process take compared to now? . Walk customers through each area of potential benefit because most harbort stopped to quantify yet. Negotiate with customers on what metrics they are willing to share and how. You whitethorn have a specific way that youd like to represent ROI, but your customer isnt comfortable with that. Your customer might be more willing to talk in percentages or in factors of (twice as, one-third of ) instead of in dollar amounts. 4. How long should my case study or success story be? The continuance of your customer story depends on your audience and the poin t in the sales cycle.The goal Answer the prospects questions and objections at the right time. As a general rule, business decision-makers prefer shorter overviews (1-2 page success stories) that focus on business results. And perhaps early on, technology decision-makers appreciate that briefer overview. But as they get further along in the evaluation process, IT people in particular, and sometimes department/division managers, want more details (case studies of 2+ pages) about factors such as implementation, customizability, ease of use/maintenance, functionality and support.Technology folks also tend to want more candid stories that include lessons learned. These are the questions I hear most. What are your top questions and challenges when it comes to case studies? About the author Casey Hibbard is author of the book, Stories That Sell Turn Satisfied Customers into Your Most Powerful sales Marketing Asset and principal of Compelling Cases Inc. She also writes the Stories That S ell blog.

International and Strategic Marketing Essay

The globalization of business merchandises from domesticated to world-wide has generated a unique competitive advantage for perfectly the organizations whose crossroads and services argon being welcomed by the nodes on the whole around the world necessitying mass foodstuff placeing efforts. In this regard, market seek in the inter democracyal environment is having different methodology and complications with respect to geographical boundaries of a specific land in which penetration and development of a product is required. therefore, an inter stateal market homework with strategical aligned goal, for development in the global world should be the objective of marketers to captivate international market leadership.IntroductionThe gravity of globalization in todays young era in the business world is increasing enormously due to faster means of communication, transportation, technology, and rapid financial streams. The product that is being produced in a specific region does not have limitations of boundaries. A Russian learner brush off be wearing Italian T-shirt, driving in a German car red to meet his friend in a Chinese restaurant. This example is not astonishing because it is a oecumenic practice and nowadays everybody can illustrate the true meaning of world global market place. Hence, marketers be required to analyze this gravity of globalization and have to consider international trade in their strategic goal of marketing plan.Marketing is the well known design of anticipating customer hold or hire then analyzing how marketers are going to fulfill that demand or need and finally satisfying customer need or demand. If the customer is really satisfied by gauging the ultimate benefit from that product or service provided by the marketer than it develops a sense of strong relationship between the customer and the organization, in which the organization give value to the customer and in return customer give value to them by building a strong profitable relationship (Kotler, & Armstrong, 2008).International marketing concept is also the equal as the general defined concept of marketing but the methodology to enter and penetrate in the international market is not the same as it is in domestic marketing. Indeed the tools and skills to enter in the international market is same but their application differs due the factors which include economy, political and legal system, and close authoritatively burnish and buying behavior of the nation. Hence, the ideology of international marketing can be gauged in this direction that the organization which offers its products and services by planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing to more than i nation other than domestic market to earn nobleer profit (Cateora et al., 2002).Internationalized Business OperationsMany potential organizations tend to bring their summons on global level rather than national level. When the companies move to internationalization the co mplexity and sophistication of trading operations change enormously. The basic guidelines for the companies orienting in international market are described by EPRG material (Wind, Douglas, & Perlmutter, 1973). This framework deals with four casefuls of orientation of community going to international market which area. Ethnocentrism In this type of orientation, top management is highly concentering on domestic market as compared to foreign market because its products have already stable and reasonable demand in domestic market. Company considers their foreign gross sales as surplus to their domestic sales.b. Polycentrism It is the attitude which arises when the company recognizes that its multi domestic products strategies would not be successful in the host country if the orientation method is same as domestic orientation. Hence, a different marketing program to enter in the international market is required by the company.c. Regiocentrism In these stages company identifies the similarities of the entire region and enters the regional market by developing integrated strategies of marketing. Such types of orientation capture geographically and economically integrated region such as NAFTA and European Union.d. Geocentrism In this type of approach company consider the entire global market as its potential market place. This is one of the most important and critical type of approach when companies make single policies for the entire world market. The organizations should have prior focus on going globally because this approach has a bang-up future. Hence, it is proved as well that organizations which are growing globally have gathered tremendous success in the past decades.International marketing environmentAn optical company introduced eye glasses in Thailand by running advertizing campaign of cute animals wearing glasses. The advertisement featuring animal was a pathetic choice as in Thailand animals are considered to be the sign of low life and was not r espectful for Thais to take that thing which was being utilise by animal due to which the company had to suffer a loss in spite of modern and unique design of their product (Payne, website). So the main fault was of the companys marketing research team that they did not gathered appropriate knowledge of Thai culture and have misjudged the society in which they are going to enter. They did not realize the fact that the marketing environment would be different from the domestic market in which they have achieved the strategic position.When the organization takes the decision of going beyond the domestic market then it needs to cater that there will be significant national differences which will pee a different marketing environment than the one it is serving now. This reflects the very fact that the research is need to be conducted in those highlighting factors which will affect its strategic marketing goals. There are many a(prenominal) ways by which research can be conducted out of which asking question is the most potent one by which an appropriate answer is obtained (Kumar, 2000).Marketing Research in Saudi ArabiaIf the analysis is conducted on the differences of factors in the international marketing environment of a country named as Saudi Arabia then it is spy that the main highlighting factors which are to be considered in doing research and which differentiate people of one nation to another are discussed belowa. Culture Nation with different cultures has different traditional values and demand those products which are not vulnerable to their culture. Saudi Arabia is a Muslim country having Arabs traditional values, they will highly support and promote the product in Saudi market which will either promote their culture or at least accept their culture.b. Economic condition The economic condition of the nation should be highly considered in marketing research because it defines the purchasing power of the customer which is the main origin of marketin g. In Saudi market maximum companies offer luxurious and expensive products because the purchasing power of the nation is high because of rich government having vast amount of natural resources.c. Racial differences It defines the different physical features of the nation. Like the decorative product would be different for the customers of Saudi Arabia as compared to the customers of U.S.A. It is located in such region of Asia in which people have generally different colored skin which is opposite to U.S. nation which do not have the same skin as Saudis have. In this regard, the marketing program for the Saudi nation for especially cosmetic products would be different from that of U.S.A.d. Climate It defines the different meteorological condition of the country because it has a great impact on the products which have seasonal demands. Saudi Arabia is considered as the hot climate country in which temperature normally rises to 55 0F. For such a hot weather country marketers have tak en that as opportunity for them and have introduced such air conditioning system which can sustain the temperature of Saudi Arabia. There would be consider an immature marketing program if the products which are not suitable with the climate of the country are introduced because they are not compatible for that region neither they have market demand in that region.e. Religion It does reflect in the marketing, in the sense that the product whose ingredients are controversial. In Saudi Arabia the concept of Halal food restricts the entire food manufacturers to penetrate in its markets that violate it and in the same way alcoholic drinks are also not allowed because of their religious jurisdiction.f. Language In international marketing research, it is one of the most important aspects because it is the effective means of communication and if it is not used in appropriate manner, can cause reverse affect on marketing efforts. Arabic is the native language of Saudi nation and mostly they are unable to understand English, which is a universal language. So, the marketers have analyzed that their all promotion efforts should be translated in Arabic so that the customer really get to know that what the product all about is.Similarly, there are also other factors which marketers have to analyze in the international marketing research mode of environment it has targeted like market facilities and capabilities, political stability of the country, nation psyche and so on